Evolutionary Biology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the evolutionary process where new species undergo rapid changes followed by long periods of stability?

  • Allopatric speciation
  • Gradualism
  • Convergent evolution
  • Punctuated equilibrium (correct)
  • What unique feature distinguishes amphibians from mammals, reptiles, and birds in terms of evolutionary traits?

  • Fur
  • Scales
  • Amniotic egg (correct)
  • Lungs
  • Which of the following concepts describes the diversification of species to adapt to different niches?

  • Adaptive radiation (correct)
  • Natural selection
  • Genetic drift
  • Speciation
  • Which of the following processes involves the formation of new species in the same geographical area?

    <p>Sympatric speciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mechanisms is primarily responsible for the gradual accumulation of small changes within a species over time?

    <p>Natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Darwinian fitness of an individual is measured most directly by what factor?

    <p>the number of its offspring that survive to reproduce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the process where humans selectively breed individuals for specific traits?

    <p>artificial selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a direct measure of Darwinian fitness?

    <p>the number of food sources available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best contrasts artificial selection with natural selection?

    <p>natural selection occurs without human involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of evolution, which statement is true regarding the offspring produced through artificial selection?

    <p>They tend to exhibit traits favored by humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trait differentiates amphibians from mammals, reptiles, and birds?

    <p>Amniotic egg (amnion)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which evolutionary concept is exemplified by the diversity of Galapagos Finches?

    <p>Adaptive Radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature is NOT associated with reptiles and birds?

    <p>Water-dependent reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following traits is characteristic of mammals?

    <p>Mammary glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of speciation involves the emergence of new species from a common ancestor due to adaptation to different environments?

    <p>Adaptive Radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the phenomenon where a single gene impacts multiple traits in an organism?

    <p>Pleiotropy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is a fundamental requirement for all living organisms?

    <p>Requirement for energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes does NOT directly support the idea of a common ancestry among living organisms?

    <p>Natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the way Sickle Cell Anemia is inherited?

    <p>Pleiotropy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about polygenic inheritance is true?

    <p>It involves multiple genes influencing a single trait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process describes the Galapagos Finches evolving into multiple species from a common ancestor?

    <p>Adaptive Radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of speciation occurs when a population becomes isolated in different geographical areas?

    <p>Allopatric speciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for a single gene influencing multiple phenotypic traits?

    <p>Pleiotropy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the finches' adaptation to different environments in the Galapagos Islands?

    <p>Natural Selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these mechanisms does NOT contribute to the divergence between species in the Galapagos Islands?

    <p>Gene Flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the phenomenon when a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant produce only pink-flowered offspring?

    <p>Incomplete Dominance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'genome' refer to in a population?

    <p>The total collection of genes within a population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of inheritance is suggested by all offspring displaying a mixed phenotype, such as pink flowers from red and white parents?

    <p>Incomplete Dominance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of genetics, what kind of allele interaction does codominance refer to?

    <p>Both alleles express independently in the phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the genetic composition of a population is altered, what is this change in the context of natural selection?

    <p>The genome has adapted to environmental pressures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature of all organisms suggests a common origin of life on Earth?

    <p>All organisms use essentially the same genetic code (DNA).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is shared by all organisms?

    <p>All organisms reproduce.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the total collection of genes within a population at any one time?

    <p>Gene pool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of evidence would suggest that all organisms exhibit a similar key feature?

    <p>All organisms show variation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by all living organisms?

    <p>All organisms can move.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms describes a change in the DNA sequence of an organism?

    <p>Mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What implies that a species has evolved over time?

    <p>All species show variation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a gene map represent?

    <p>The arrangement of genes on a chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option does NOT represent a genetic concept related to populations?

    <p>Carrying capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of population genetics?

    <p>Study of gene frequencies in populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the gradual increase in size of horses over time?

    <p>directional selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to refer to the complete set of genes in a population at a specific time?

    <p>Gene pool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which evolutionary mechanism could lead to a uniform population size over time?

    <p>Stabilizing selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept seeks to explain the genetic variability present in a population?

    <p>Gene pool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term best captures the change in allele frequencies in a population over generations?

    <p>Evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term best describes the gradual increase in the size of horses over geologic time?

    <p>Directional selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is NOT a cause of microevolution?

    <p>Extinction events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which examples illustrate the concept of microevolution?

    <p>Changes in allele frequencies within a population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of directional selection in nature?

    <p>Increased size of peppered moths during the Industrial Revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process accounts for changes in a population's gene pool due to random events?

    <p>Genetic drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

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