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Questions and Answers
What is the primary mechanism driving the evolution of species over time?
What is the term for the process by which a population or species changes over time?
What is the term for different versions of a gene that are responsible for different traits?
What is the result of sexual reproduction between two organisms that cannot produce fertile offspring?
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What is the term for the expression of both alleles of a gene, resulting in a combination of the two traits?
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What is the primary mechanism by which differential reproduction influences the gene pool?
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What is the primary result of mutation in a population?
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What is the requirement for two organisms to be classified as the same species?
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What is the primary driver of adaptation in a population?
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What is the result of shrinking a population?
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What is a key factor in the movement of individuals into the gene pool?
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What is the process by which a species divides into multiple species over time?
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What is the primary reason why all animals overproduce?
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What is the result of intraspecific competition?
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What is the primary advantage of sexual reproduction?
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What occurs during DNA replication?
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What is the result of inherited variation?
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What is the purpose of natural selection?
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Study Notes
Theory of Evolution
- The theory of evolution states that all organisms evolve over time through natural selection.
Evolution
- Evolution occurs when a population or species changes over time, involving changes in the gene pool.
- A population is not evolving if its gene pool remains unchanged.
Species
- A species is a group of organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring.
- When a species grows apart, it can eventually become unable to produce fertile offspring due to speciation events.
- Hybrids are offspring produced by organisms that can reproduce but are infertile.
Alleles and Characteristics
- Alleles are different versions of genes that determine an individual's features and traits.
- Dominant alleles can override recessive alleles in determining characteristics.
- Polygenic alleles display one trait, while codominant alleles can express both traits.
- For example, a dominant brown eye allele can override a recessive blue eye allele, while a codominant red rose allele and white rose allele can produce a pink rose.
Mutation
- Mutation is a random change in genes during DNA replication.
- Mutation can introduce new traits and increase variation in a population by altering genes and alleles.
Differential Reproduction
- Differential reproduction is the process of evolution where certain groups in a population have more offspring than others.
- This can occur due to advantageous traits that increase an individual's likelihood of survival.
Evolution Processes
- There are five main ways populations can change:
- Shrinking of population, which reduces genetic variation
- Mutation, which introduces new alleles
- Mating, which can favor certain groups over others
- Gene flow, which brings in new genetic material
- Adaptation and natural selection, which favor certain alleles over others
Speciation and Reproductive Isolation
- Speciation is the process of a species dividing into multiple species over time.
- Reproductive isolation occurs when a species is unable to interbreed with other species.
Overproduction and Competition
- Overproduction occurs when more individuals are conceived than the environment can sustain.
- Competition is the consequence of overproduction, where groups must compete for resources.
- Advantageous traits are more likely to be passed down due to competition.
Inherited Variation
- Inherited variation occurs due to sexual reproduction, where alleles are randomly passed down from parents to offspring.
- This leads to genetic variation across individuals in a species.
- Sexual reproduction allows for mutation, which increases variation in a population.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the evolution theory, natural selection, and species concepts as described by Charles Darwin. Learn about population evolution, gene pool changes, and hybrid offsprings.
