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Evolution Theories: Aristotle to Darwin

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Questions and Answers

What did Aristotle propose about the direction of evolution?

All species are immutable and do not change.

Evolution occurs through survival of the fittest.

Living things evolve randomly without a specific direction.

Living things evolve in a specific direction towards a higher form. (correct)

Which statement best describes Lamarckism?

Species evolve through random genetic mutations only.

All species are fixed and cannot change over time.

Acquired characteristics can be passed down to offspring. (correct)

Natural selection is the primary driver of evolution.

What is a key concept introduced by Darwin regarding overpopulation?

Overpopulation leads to the extinction of all species.

Species reproduce at the same rate without any competition.

Environmental factors limit the growth of species populations. (correct)

Population increases dramatically without any limitations.

According to Darwin's theory, which organisms are most likely to survive?

<p>Organisms with traits that are favorable to their environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason Lamarckism is considered incorrect today?

<p>Acquired characteristics are not transferred through genetic inheritance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Early Theories

Aristotle proposed an evolutionary concept in the 4th century BC.
He believed that living things evolve towards a higher form.
The idea of immutable species, that species are unchanging, was widely accepted after Aristotle.

Lamarckism

Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck developed a theory of evolution called Lamarckism.
It suggested that acquired characteristics are passed on to offspring.
This theory is now understood to be incorrect as acquired characteristics are not heritable.

Darwinism

Charles Darwin was a British naturalist who developed his theory of species origins while traveling to South America, the Galapagos Islands, and other regions.
Observed that populations increase exponentially until limited by the environment.
He saw the struggle for survival, a competition for resources.
Darwin proposed that organisms with beneficial traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.
These advantageous traits are then passed on to offspring.
Unfavorable traits tend to be eliminated.

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Description

Explore the early theories of evolution from Aristotle's ideas to Darwin's groundbreaking concepts. This quiz covers key figures, their theories, and the impact these ideas had on our understanding of species development and adaptation over time.