Evolution Quiz

Evolution

• Evolution is the scientifically supported theory that all species of life have developed from a common ancestor through the process of natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow.

Evolutionary Processes

• The main evolutionary processes that lead to evolution are:
  • Mutation: changes in the DNA sequence of an individual
  • Gene flow: the movement of genes from one population to another
  • Genetic drift: random events that change the frequency of a gene in a population
  • Natural selection: the process by which individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce

Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection

• The theory of evolution by natural selection was conceived by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the 19th century
• They proposed that all species of life have evolved over time through the process of natural selection

Observable Facts Supporting Evolution

• Fossil record: the sequence of fossils in the geological record shows a clear pattern of gradual changes in life forms over time
• Comparative anatomy: the study of the structure and development of living organisms shows similar structures in different species
• Molecular biology: the study of DNA and proteins shows that different species share a common genetic code
• Biogeography: the study of the geographic distribution of species shows that species are found in areas where they can best adapt to their environment

Consequences of Evolution

• The process of evolution has given rise to the incredible diversity of life on Earth, with millions of different species
• Evolution has also led to the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria and pesticide-resistant pests
• Understanding evolution is essential for developing effective treatments for diseases and for conservation of species and ecosystems