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Questions and Answers
What was the title of Darwin's groundbreaking book published in 1859?
What was the title of Darwin's groundbreaking book published in 1859?
On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life.
What is the study of the evolutionary history of a species called?
What is the study of the evolutionary history of a species called?
Phylogeny
What is the term for structures that have lost their original functions through evolution?
What is the term for structures that have lost their original functions through evolution?
Vestigial structures
The term 'catastrophism' refers to the idea that geological changes occur gradually over long periods.
The term 'catastrophism' refers to the idea that geological changes occur gradually over long periods.
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What is the term for the idea that the geological processes occurring today are the same as those that happened in the past?
What is the term for the idea that the geological processes occurring today are the same as those that happened in the past?
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Which of the following is NOT a piece of evidence supporting the Theory of Evolution?
Which of the following is NOT a piece of evidence supporting the Theory of Evolution?
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What is the name of the scientist who independently developed a theory of natural selection similar to Darwin's?
What is the name of the scientist who independently developed a theory of natural selection similar to Darwin's?
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What is the process by which individuals with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce?
What is the process by which individuals with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce?
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What is the name of the scientist who developed the binomial classification system used in modern taxonomy?
What is the name of the scientist who developed the binomial classification system used in modern taxonomy?
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What is the term used to describe the similarity of structures in different organisms due to shared ancestry?
What is the term used to describe the similarity of structures in different organisms due to shared ancestry?
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What is the name of the law that states that general features common to all members of a group of animals develop earlier in ontogeny than do the special features that distinguish the various subdivisions of the group?
What is the name of the law that states that general features common to all members of a group of animals develop earlier in ontogeny than do the special features that distinguish the various subdivisions of the group?
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What is the term for the idea that ontogeny (the development of an organism) recapitulates (repeats) phylogeny (evolutionary history) of a group?
What is the term for the idea that ontogeny (the development of an organism) recapitulates (repeats) phylogeny (evolutionary history) of a group?
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What is the name of the Greek philosopher who suggested selective mating to produce a 'Guardian class'?
What is the name of the Greek philosopher who suggested selective mating to produce a 'Guardian class'?
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What is the name of the process by which humans intentionally select and breed organisms with desirable traits?
What is the name of the process by which humans intentionally select and breed organisms with desirable traits?
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Study Notes
Evolution
- Evolution is the descent with modification.
- Organisms on Earth have changed over time, and today's organisms are descendants of earlier ones.
- Evidence for the theory of evolution includes:
- Artificial selection
- Direct observation of evolutionary change (e.g., Darwin's finches, peppered moths)
- Phylogenies
- Homology and convergent evolution
- Embryology and ontogeny
- Vestigial structures
- Fossil record
- Biogeography
- Key figures in the development of evolutionary thought include:
- Aristotle (Scala Naturae)
- Carolus Linnaeus (binomial classification)
- Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (evolutionary discussion)
- Georges Cuvier (catastrophism)
- James Hutton (gradualism)
- Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (evolution to explain fossils; inheritance of acquired characteristics)
- Thomas Malthus (limited resources and population growth)
- Charles Lyell (uniformitarianism)
- Charles Darwin (descent with modification)
- Alfred Russel Wallace (independent development of similar theory)
Additional Concepts
- Adaptations: Inherited characteristics that enhance survival.
- Natural selection: Individuals with certain inherited traits survive and reproduce at higher rates. Natural selection acts on individuals; populations evolve.
- Homology: Features that share a common ancestry are homologous.
- Analogy: Features that share a similar function, but not ancestry, are analogous.
- Homoplasy: Similarity due to similar appearance, but not ancester.
- Atavism: Reappearance of traits lost in previous generations.
- Vestigial structures: Structures with reduced or no function.
- Ontogeny (Embryological history): The development of an individual from fertilization to adult.
- Phylogeny: Study of evolutionary relationships between organisms.
- Biogeography: Study of the geographic distribution of organisms.
- Fossil record: Evidence for past life on Earth in the form of fossils (preserved remains or traces of organisms).
- Catastrophism: Theory that past geological change occurred in sudden dramatic events.
- Gradualism: Theory that past geological change occurred continuously over long periods.
- Uniformitarianism: Past geological events operated ate the same rate as current processes
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Description
Test your knowledge on the principles of evolution and the evidence supporting it. This quiz includes key figures and concepts that have shaped evolutionary thought. Dive into topics like natural selection, homology, and the fossil record.
