Evolution of HRM: Key Shifts & IT Impact
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Questions and Answers

How did the perception of employees change as Human Resource Management (HRM) evolved?

  • Employees transitioned from being viewed as individuals needing close supervision to valuable resources for competitive advantage. (correct)
  • Employees were regarded as interchangeable parts within the organization, easily replaced and managed.
  • Employees became solely responsible for their own productivity with minimal managerial oversight.
  • Employees were primarily seen as a cost to be minimized through strict supervision.
  • What was a primary limitation of personnel management during the 1990s?

  • It lacked the technology to manage employee data effectively.
  • It was seen primarily as a routine, clerical function focused on administrative tasks rather than strategic contribution. (correct)
  • It placed too much emphasis on employee training and development.
  • It struggled to attract qualified candidates due to poor management reputation.
  • What prompted managers to carefully assess every facet of their operations?

  • Rapid advances in technology and communication. (correct)
  • Increased competition from international markets.
  • Decline in employee morale.
  • Government regulations mandating operational reviews.
  • During which period did personnel departments primarily focus on hiring new workers and administering basic HR activities?

    <p>1930s and 1940s (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor primarily contributed to the evolution of personnel management into human resource management (HRM)?

    <p>A fundamental shift in management's view of employees as valuable resources. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main role of personnel managers during the early stages of personnel management?

    <p>Overseeing hiring processes and administering pay and benefits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the word 'personnel' in the context of personnel departments?

    <p>An old French word meaning 'person'. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the emergence of HRM influence the perception of personnel management?

    <p>It positioned personnel management as a more tactical and administratively-focused role. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the primary impact of Information Technology (IT) on the HR profession?

    <p>Transformation of how information is accessed, gathered, analyzed, and communicated. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key development in HR's use of information technology during the 1980s?

    <p>Greater integration of HR applications, increasing adoption due to lower costs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what is a significant reason for organizations to increase the use of information technology in HR?

    <p>To automate HR processes and gain a competitive advantage through improved HR service delivery. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential disadvantage is associated with using web-based recruitment (e-recruitment)?

    <p>Loss of personal connection with applicants despite an increase in applications. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An organization implements an e-selection system. What is the primary goal of this technology?

    <p>To efficiently manage the process of identifying the best job candidates with the right skills and knowledge. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has the advent of the Internet and the Web impacted HR systems and applications?

    <p>It caused an explosion of HR systems and applications. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes how organizations view workforce quality in relation to competitive advantage?

    <p>Competitive advantage is less dependent on better business processes than workforce quality. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A company wants to improve its employer branding through e-recruitment. Which strategy would be most effective?

    <p>Providing a seamless and engaging online application experience highlighting company culture. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An organization aims to improve employee productivity and reduce operational costs. Which e-HR practice would be most effective in achieving these goals?

    <p>Transitioning to a comprehensive telecommuting program. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A global company wants to standardize its performance management process and ensure all employees have clear objectives and key result areas (KRAs). Which e-HR tool would be most suitable?

    <p>An electronic performance support system (EPSS). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential disadvantage of relying heavily on e-learning for employee training and development?

    <p>Potential isolation that reduces opportunities for networking and career enhancement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An organization is considering integrating data from social networking sites into its HR practices. What is the most significant concern they should address before proceeding?

    <p>The balance between potential benefits and issues of privacy and data accuracy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A company aims to reduce employee absenteeism and increase concentration on work. Which of the following strategies would be most effective, according to the benefits of telecommuting?

    <p>Establishing a comprehensive telecommuting program. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reflects the primary function of an Electronic Performance Support System (EPSS) within an organization?

    <p>Providing online coaching, mentoring services, and access to organizational information. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do advancements in IT, especially social media, influence customer relations for businesses?

    <p>They provide platforms for companies to post updates, service offerings, and increase brand awareness. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A company seeks to improve its recruitment process and attract more potential candidates. How could a telecommuting option serve as a hiring incentive?

    <p>By offering more work options and eliminating long commutes, making the position more attractive. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the modern perspective of HRM differ from traditional views regarding employees?

    <p>Employees are recognized as assets with potential for personal satisfaction and growth, unlike traditional views that considered them mere costs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a top HR executive holding a vice presidential or executive vice presidential status in a company?

    <p>It reflects that HR plays a strategic role in policy decisions and corporate strategy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between HRM practices and a firm's strategic decisions?

    <p>HRM practices significantly affect the firm's ability to formulate and implement strategy, and vice versa. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Thomas Davenport's view of human capital differ from the traditional view of human resources?

    <p>Davenport emphasizes that workers are increasingly taking active control over their lives and careers, unlike the traditional view of them as passive resources. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can 'human capital' contribute to an organization's success, according to the discussed concepts?

    <p>By fostering competencies, knowledge, and personality attributes that enhance performance and economic value. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following demonstrates a tangible competency in an employee?

    <p>An employee's advanced proficiency in data analysis software. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key challenge for HRM due to globalization and technological advancements?

    <p>Adapting to global competition, communication, and managing outsourcing and downsizing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An organization is aiming to enhance its competitive advantage through its employees. Which of the following strategies would best align with the principles of human capital, as opposed to traditional human resource management?

    <p>Investing in continuous training and development programs to enhance employee skills and competencies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does HRIS contribute to cost management within an organization?

    <p>By automating payroll processes and ensuring timely payments in compliance with local regulations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An employee wants to access their benefits package and understand their overtime pay. How does HRIS facilitate this?

    <p>By providing online self-service access where employees can view their benefits and financial details. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason Johnson and Gueutal suggest that HR is becoming more technology-driven?

    <p>To enable HR to take on a more strategic role in the business through improved efficiency and data access. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following demonstrates how technology can facilitate a more strategic role for HR?

    <p>Using real-time metrics to identify workforce trends and inform decision-making. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A manager needs to determine the financial investment in employee training programs. Where can they typically find this information within an HRIS?

    <p>In the training investment factor section. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trend does the Bureau of Labor and Employment Statistics data reveal regarding labor union membership?

    <p>A gradual decline in the proportion of workers who are union members. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method through which HRIS enhances internal organizational training?

    <p>Replacing human trainers with AI-driven training modules to cut costs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An employee earning P2,000 per month contributes to the PAG-IBIG fund. What percentage of their salary is contributed by both the employee and the employer, respectively?

    <p>2% and 2% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Executives are planning for future workforce needs and associated costs. How does HRIS assist in this process?

    <p>By providing data for HR forecasting and costing, as well as succession plans. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of self-service benefits transactions through HRIS for employees?

    <p>It allows them to perform transactions at their leisure, freeing up office hours for other tasks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Social Security System (SSS) contribution rate compare to the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) contribution rate?

    <p>GSIS is more than double SSS. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an integrated HRIS, like Jeansoft Payroll Suite 2006, improve HR functions in a company?

    <p>By automating payroll computation and facilitating easy recording and retrieval of employee records. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential benefits are provided by the increase in contributions to the Social Security System (SSS)?

    <p>One-time grants to pensioners and increased pension benefits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for HR to be at pace with or ahead of customer needs in the 21st century, according to management theorists?

    <p>To ensure that all HR systems and tools align with the speed and intensity of customer needs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the National Health Insurance Program regarding company finances?

    <p>To lessen the impact of medical costs on a company's finances. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Beyond savings, what other types of assistance does the PAG-IBIG fund offer to its members?

    <p>Short-term loans and access to housing programs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Evolution of HRM

    The progression of human resource management practices from personnel departments to strategic management.

    Personnel Departments

    Initial HR units responsible for hiring and administering basic HR activities in the 1930s-1940s.

    Personnel Management

    The early form of HR management, focused on hiring and routine tasks.

    Emergence of HRM

    HRM arose in the late 1970s as a more strategic approach to managing employees.

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    Changing Employee Roles

    Shift in viewing employees from those needing management to valuable resources for competitive advantage.

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    Impact of Technology

    Advancements in technology influenced the roles of HR managers to improve efficiency and productivity.

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    Labor Relations

    The connection between employers and employees, affecting workplace dynamics and social contributions.

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    HRIS (Human Resource Information System)

    A technology application that HR uses to manage employee data and processes.

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    Human Resource Management (HRM)

    Practices and policies that affect organizational strategy and employee satisfaction.

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    Competencies

    Attributes that predict superior performance, including skills and attitudes.

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    Human Capital

    Attributes gained through education and experience that enhance a worker's value.

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    Management Behavior Change

    Shift from viewing employees as costs to viewing them as assets.

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    Executive Role of HR

    HR executives now have vice presidential status contributing to strategy.

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    Davenport's Perspective

    Critiques viewing workers as passive assets; emphasizes active human capital.

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    Global Challenges in HRM

    Issues arising from global competition, technology, and outsourcing.

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    Satisfaction and Growth in Jobs

    Workers need to feel personal satisfaction and growth from their jobs.

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    Information Technology (IT)

    The use of systems for storing, retrieving, and sending information.

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    Evolution of IT in HR

    The development of information technology applications in human resources over decades.

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    E-recruitment

    Web-based recruitment that allows wider access to job applicants.

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    Advantages of E-recruitment

    Improves recruiting efficiency and increases applicant pool.

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    Disadvantages of E-recruitment

    Increases application quantity but may lower applicant quality.

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    E-selection

    Technology-driven process to identify suitable job candidates.

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    Competitive advantage in HR

    Quality of the workforce determines organizational success.

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    Impact of the Internet on HR

    The Internet has accelerated the development of HR systems.

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    Employment Kiosk

    A self-service platform for employees to update their status and relevant information.

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    E-learning Advantages

    Benefits include flexible learning, cost reduction, and better training management.

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    E-learning Disadvantages

    Drawbacks include isolation from networking and career enhancement.

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    Electronic Performance Support System (EPSS)

    Online systems for coaching, mentoring, and accessing organizational information.

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    Salary and Payroll Administration

    Management of employee pay linked to performance and attendance systems.

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    E-HR

    Refers to managing HR transactions online via the internet.

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    Telecommuting

    Working remotely using technology, moving work to employees.

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    Benefits of Telecommuting

    Includes increased productivity, reduced turnover, and better use of time.

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    HRIS Benefits

    HRIS helps manage workflow costs and ensures timely employee payments.

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    HR Training Control

    HRIS organizes internal training including participants, budgets, and assessments.

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    Self-Service Benefits

    Employees can access their benefits package online at their convenience.

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    HRIS User Access

    Different stakeholders have varied levels of online self-service access to HR data.

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    Jeansoft Payroll Suite 2006

    An integrated personnel and payroll system designed for the Philippines, automating payroll computations.

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    Modules of Jeansoft

    Consists of modules for time attendance, payroll, and HRIS, creating a comprehensive system.

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    Strategic HRM Role

    HR must adapt quickly to support the strategic needs of CEOs in the 21st century.

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    Forecasting and Costing Data

    Executives use HRIS for data on HR forecasting and costing, aiding strategic decisions.

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    Tech-Driven HR Evolution

    HR is becoming more technology-based to improve processes and reduce costs.

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    Streamlining HR Processes

    Making HR operations more efficient to reduce administrative burdens.

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    Labor Union Decline

    Percentage of labor union members decreased from 30.7% in 1982 to 10.6% in 2009.

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    Social Security Contributions

    Employees contribute 10.4% of their salary to the Social Security System.

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    PhilHealth Benefits

    National Health Insurance Program to cover employees' health expenses.

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    PAG-IBIG Fund

    A mandatory fund for savings, loans, and housing benefits for members.

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    Mandatory Contribution Rates

    Contributions vary based on employee salaries and are shared between employee and employer.

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    Real-Time HR Metrics

    Providing immediate data insights for decision-making in HR management.

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    Study Notes

    Introduction

    • The presentation discusses the changing perspective of human resource management.

    Objectives

    • Students will learn about the evolution of human resource management.
    • Students will understand the connection between information technology and human resource management and its applications in HR.
    • The presentation covers human resource information systems (HRIS).
    • Students will gain knowledge of labor relations and the increase in social contribution.
    • Students will learn about HR department organization charts and structures.

    Evolution of Human Resource Management

    • The 1930s and 1940s saw the emergence of personnel departments.

    • These departments focused on hiring, worker administration, and pay/benefit determination.

    • Personnel managers were the heads of these departments.

    • The 1990s saw personnel management as a routine clerical and bookkeeping function.

    • It focused on hiring, paperwork, and ensuring timely pay.

    • The role of HRM gradually became more important.

    • Human Resource Management emerged in the late 1970s as a reaction to the functional personnel approach.

    • This change involved a fundamental shift in management's view of employees.

    • Employees were viewed as a source of competitive advantage.

    • Managers needed to evaluate all aspects of operations for efficiency and productivity.

    • Management realized that workers' feeling of personal satisfaction and growth was critical for productivity.

    • HRM practices and policies strongly influence strategic decisions.

    Human Capital

    • Human capital, proposed by Thomas Davenport, refers to the attributes gained by workers through education and experience.
    • Abilities, skills, and knowledge were considered, along with attributes, such as teamwork and flexibility.
    • HRM began treating employees as assets rather than costs.

    Information Technology (IT) in HR

    • The computer age dramatically altered information accessibility and acquisition.
    • IT deals with the processes of accessing, gathering, analyzing, and communicating information.
    • IT in HR started four decades ago.
    • The development of HRIS systems helped with payroll and administration.
    • The advent of the Internet and the Web revolutionized HR systems and applications.
    • HR can benefit from better services, seen as a competitive advantage.
    • Organizations are focusing on workforce quality as a key competitive advantage (Fortune Magazine).

    Application of IT in HR

    • e-recruitment leverages job boards and web-based platforms for recruitment.
    • Increased accessibility and communication of job opportunities, including application processes.
    • E-selection employs technology for efficiently identifying job candidates with appropriate skills and knowledge.
    • Employment kiosks provide employee status updates and other data at the workers' initiative.
    • E-learning facilitates training providing just-in-time updates and knowledge.
    • Electronic Performance Support System (EPSS) provides online coaching and mentoring services.
    • EPSS makes organizational information accessible to managers and employees.
    • Salary and payroll systems are linked to performance management, time and attendance, employee benefits, and pay systems.
    • Social networking sites (e.g., Facebook, Twitter) present challenges and opportunities for HR to integrate and manage information from these environments.
    • Maintaining data privacy & accuracy alongside gathering insights are important.
    • Electronic mail has become a crucial tool for corporate communications.
    • Organisations utilize IT to foster customer involvement via social networking sites.
    • Telecommuting lets workers perform tasks remotely using technology.

    Benefits of Telecommuting (Teleworking)

    • Employer Benefits:

      • Increased employee productivity, reduced absenteeism, and greater concentration.
      • Less travel time, better utilization of employee peak efficiency, and lower turnover.
      • More work options from different locations and reduced commute time, leading to increased morale and higher hiring incentives.
      • Expanding labor pools with opportunities for those with disabilities or young families.
    • Employee Benefits:

      • Savings on fuel, maintenance, and insurance.
      • Time and resources saved on commute.
      • Reduced stress and more time for families and community participation.
      • Greater work autonomy and improved work environment through reduced distractions.
      • Closer proximity to workplaces, saving time on commutes.

    Human Resource Information System (HRIS)

    • HRIS is an integrated database system providing accessible information on employees and HR activities.
    • HRIS systems provide rapid and easy access to information for management decisions.
    • HRIS solutions streamline salary and payroll administration, leading to accurate and timely compensation.
    • HRIS controls internal training from participant allocation to tracking of programs and courses.
    • Provides self-service options for employees accessing benefits packages and various payroll information.
    • HRIS provides data for stakeholders such as applicants, employees, managers, and executives.
    • Different software solutions, like Jeansoft Payroll Suite, integrate various HR functions.

    HR Department Organization Charts and Structures

    • Organizations traditionally divided managers into line and staff management.
    • Line managers are in charge of production. Staff management focuses on indirect or support functions.
    • HR chart divisions could vary significantly based on industry, workforce features, and organizational management values.
    • Decisions on centralization or decentralization of HR also vary among organizations.
    • Centralized systems give a single unit responsibility; decentralized means that each unit manages its personnel system.
    • Charts provide designs, monitoring of reporting structures, and information on newly created roles, leading agencies, industry patterns, and competition analysis for decision-making processes.
    • HRM is evolving into a more technology-driven profession.
    • Streamlining HR processes and streamlining administrative burdens are critical.
    • HRM practices are focusing on competing globally for talent.
    • Improve workforce access to data for better employee relations. -Real-time metrics are fundamental to decision-making and workforce management enhancement.
    • Transforming HRM for a more strategic business role is essential.

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    Description

    Explore the origins of personnel management, its evolution into Human Resource Management (HRM), and the impact of IT. Understand how employee perception shifted and how personnel departments adapted. Examine critical periods and limitations.

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