Recent

  • Show all results for ""
Evolution of Computers Overview
42 Questions
0 Views

Evolution of Computers Overview

Created by
@SmittenCliff

Questions and Answers

What is the total number of clock cycles for the sequence of instructions given the stages and execution times?

  • 9
  • 11
  • 10 (correct)
  • 8

    • Which instruction in the given sequence takes the longest time to execute?

  • MULR4-R3-R2 (correct)
  • ADDR2-R1-R0
  • No instruction takes longer than 1 clock cycle.
  • SUBR6-R5-R4

    • Which stage of the pipeline is executed for every instruction in a pipelined processor?

  • Instruction Fetch (correct)
  • Write Back
  • Execute
  • Instruction Decode

    • What is the primary characteristic of Read-Only Memory (ROM)?

    <p>It retains data even when the power is turned off.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does operand forwarding benefit a pipelined processor?

    <p>It allows data to be used directly from the output of the previous instruction without waiting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many clock cycles do ADD and SUB instructions require during execution?

    <p>1 clock cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ROM allows data to be written by the user only once after manufacturing?

    <p>Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the EX stage for a MUL instruction takes 3 clock cycles, how would this affect the overall pipeline execution time?

    <p>It would increase the overall execution time due to added complexity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can data be erased from Erasable and Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM)?

    <p>By using ultraviolet (UV) light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of pipelining in processor design?

    <p>To allow multiple instructions to be processed simultaneously in different stages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ROM is specifically designed to be erased and reprogrammed electrically?

    <p>Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of using EEPROM over EPROM?

    <p>EEPROM can be programmed without removing the chip.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which instruction in the sequence cannot proceed until the previous instruction is complete?

    <p>SUBR6-R5-R4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which generation of computers is considered to include significant advances in computer architecture?

    <p>Fourth Generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a PROM programmer?

    <p>It programs PROM with data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of the Fourth Generation of Computers?

    <p>They utilize microprocessors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main benefits of multicore processors?

    <p>They can improve multitasking capabilities by executing tasks concurrently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the approach of pipeline processing?

    <p>It breaks down instruction execution into stages to overlap their execution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge associated with multicore processors?

    <p>Software optimization for multicore processors is often lacking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does pipeline processing affect energy efficiency?

    <p>It contributes to energy efficiency by overlapping instruction execution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of effective multicore processing?

    <p>Higher computational power through distribution of tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which analogy best describes multicore processing?

    <p>Multiple assembly lines functioning independently on different tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does increased heat generation in multicore processors necessitate?

    <p>Effective cooling solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic differentiates a quad-core processor from a hexa-core processor?

    <p>Hexa-core processors have more cores than quad-core processors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential disadvantage of designing multicore processors?

    <p>The manufacturing process is more complex than for single-core processors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which field is multicore processing particularly essential?

    <p>Scientific computing and artificial intelligence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant feature of the Apple II released in 1977?

    <p>It included color graphics and expansion slots.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the IBM PC establish a standard for personal computers?

    <p>Through its open architecture allowing a variety of peripherals and software.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the advancements of the fifth generation of computers?

    <p>The focus on real-time data analysis and AI integration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a fifth-generation computer?

    <p>NVIDIA GPUs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of the Google Quantum Computer (Sycamore)?

    <p>It achieved quantum supremacy in a specific computation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major advancement do NVIDIA GPUs contribute to modern computing?

    <p>They have high-performance architecture for parallel processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about fifth-generation computing technologies?

    <p>They encompass a wide variety of computational paradigms including AI.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the trend in computer size from the fourth to the fifth generation?

    <p>We see a variance from small embedded systems to large data centers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a multiplexer in data routing?

    <p>To route data from multiple sources to a single destination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What components are used in a 4-bit binary adder to perform addition?

    <p>AND, XOR, and OR gates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial characteristic of the 4-bit encoder operation?

    <p>It outputs a binary code for the active input position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does the 4-bit binary adder manage multi-bit numbers?

    <p>Through carry propagation between full adder stages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential disadvantage of using a 4-bit encoder?

    <p>It can result in incorrect outputs with multiple active inputs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system can benefit from the functionality of a multiplexer?

    <p>Data streaming applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of a 4-bit binary adder composed of?

    <p>Four full adder stages linked in series.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which logical gates are essential for the functioning of the 4-bit encoder?

    <p>AND, OR, and NOT gates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Evolution of Computers

    • Personal computing became prevalent, leading to the development of home and office computers along with software applications, notably improving performance and user interfaces.

    Fourth Generation (1970s – 1980s)

    • Apple II (1977): Featured color graphics and expansion slots, applicable for both home and business uses.
    • IBM PC (1981): Introduced open architecture for diverse peripherals and software, utilizing the Intel 8088 microprocessor, setting the standard for personal computer architecture.

    Fifth Generation (1980s – Present)

    • Characterized by advancements in AI, neuromorphic computing, quantum computing, and advanced parallel processing.
    • Technology spans from small embedded systems to extensive data centers, with programming emphasizing parallel processing and real-time data analysis.
    • Extreme performance capabilities support complex calculations, exemplified by:
      • Google Quantum Computer (Sycamore, 2019): Achieved quantum supremacy.
      • IBM Quantum Hummingbird (2021): Enhanced qubit count for advanced quantum computations.
      • NVIDIA GPUs (2020s): Designed for high-performance parallel processing in AI and graphics rendering.

    Read-Only Memory (ROM)

    • Types of ROM:
      • Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM): User-programmable once; permanent data writing.
      • Erasable and Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM): Can be erased with UV light and reprogrammed multiple times; versatile for development.
      • Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM): Erasable and reprogrammable without removal, allowing flexible data updates.

    Pipeline Processing vs. Multicore Processing

    • Pipeline Processing:
      • Focuses on optimizing a single instruction stream by breaking execution into stages.
      • Enhances instruction throughput through overlapping execution stages.
    • Multicore Processing:
      • Engages multiple independent processing units (cores) to handle several instruction streams simultaneously.
      • Increases overall system performance, crucial for complex applications.

    Benefits of Multicore Processing

    • Increased Performance: Supports smooth multitasking by executing multiple applications without significant slowdowns.
    • Energy Efficiency: Often consumes less power than single-core processors at similar performance levels.
    • Challenges: Software optimization for multicore use remains an issue, alongside potential heat generation and design complexity.

    Key Configurations

    • Variants according to core count:
      • Dual-core: Two cores
      • Quad-core: Four cores
      • Hexa-core: Six cores
      • Octa-core: Eight cores
      • Higher configurations are available for specialized high-performance applications.

    Importance of Pipeline and Multicore Processing

    • Form the backbone of modern processors, facilitating performance, efficiency, and the ability to execute complex computations.
    • Serve critical roles in digital circuit design, significantly impacting both speed and operational efficacy of computing systems.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    CAO.pdf

    Description

    Explore the evolution of computers from personal computing to the current advancements in AI and quantum computing. This quiz covers key developments from the fourth generation in the 1980s to the fifth generation technologies of today. Test your knowledge on the famous models and breakthroughs that have shaped modern computing.

    More Quizzes Like This

    Computer Evolution Quiz
    10 questions

    Computer Evolution Quiz

    EngrossingSanctuary avatar
    EngrossingSanctuary
    History of Computer Evolution Quiz
    5 questions

    History of Computer Evolution Quiz

    SensitiveHeliotrope6217 avatar
    SensitiveHeliotrope6217
    Computer Evolution: History, Artificial Intelligence, and Computer Technologies
    10 questions

    Computer Evolution: History, Artificial Intelligence, and Computer Tec...

    InfallibleSanDiego avatar
    InfallibleSanDiego
    Computer Evolution
    10 questions

    Computer Evolution

    MesmerizedGermanium avatar
    MesmerizedGermanium
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser