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Questions and Answers
Evolution is brought by the change in the gene frequency of a population over the next generation, which among the following is considered the change in gene frequencies because of chance processes?
Evolution is brought by the change in the gene frequency of a population over the next generation, which among the following is considered the change in gene frequencies because of chance processes?
- Genetic Drift (correct)
- Natural Selection
- Artificial Selection
- Gene Flow
The movement of genes or certain traits into or out of a population, that is immigration or emigration, is identified as what type of mechanism causes a change in the gene frequency of a population?
The movement of genes or certain traits into or out of a population, that is immigration or emigration, is identified as what type of mechanism causes a change in the gene frequency of a population?
- Genetic Drift
- Recombination
- Mutation
- Gene Flow (correct)
Name the type of mechanisms of evolution that takes place because some female/male species prefer to interbreed with mates that have certain of predetermined qualities.
Name the type of mechanisms of evolution that takes place because some female/male species prefer to interbreed with mates that have certain of predetermined qualities.
- Non-random Mating (correct)
- Mutation
- Natural Selection
- Recombination
Identify the mechanism of evolution that resulted from the deletion, insertion, substitution, or inversion of DNA because of radiation or copying errors.
Identify the mechanism of evolution that resulted from the deletion, insertion, substitution, or inversion of DNA because of radiation or copying errors.
What type of mechanism of evolution is this: some species exhibit intra-sexual competition leading to the preservation of genes of those successful organisms?
What type of mechanism of evolution is this: some species exhibit intra-sexual competition leading to the preservation of genes of those successful organisms?
A cause of change in the gene frequency of some animals and crops because of humans selective breeding or cross-pollination activities on these said organisms”
A cause of change in the gene frequency of some animals and crops because of humans selective breeding or cross-pollination activities on these said organisms”
Which among the following best explain recombination as a mechanism of evolution?
Which among the following best explain recombination as a mechanism of evolution?
How will you differentiate artificial selection from natural selection?
How will you differentiate artificial selection from natural selection?
This effect happens after a genetic drift when a huge percentage of population or organisms are wiped off or were unable to reproduce because of catastrophic events, resulting in change of the gene frequency of the affected population:
This effect happens after a genetic drift when a huge percentage of population or organisms are wiped off or were unable to reproduce because of catastrophic events, resulting in change of the gene frequency of the affected population:
How will you explain the mechanisms of evolution?
How will you explain the mechanisms of evolution?
The following are mechanisms of evolution that may be caused by an accident or unforeseen events EXCEPT:
The following are mechanisms of evolution that may be caused by an accident or unforeseen events EXCEPT:
Which geologic event occurred during the Mesozoic era?
Which geologic event occurred during the Mesozoic era?
The geologic time scale is subdivided into 4 groups. List them from the largest to the smallest.
The geologic time scale is subdivided into 4 groups. List them from the largest to the smallest.
What is the longest part of Earth's history where trace fossils appeared?
What is the longest part of Earth's history where trace fossils appeared?
The Mesozoic Era was the Age of Reptiles while the current Cenozoic Era is the Age of
The Mesozoic Era was the Age of Reptiles while the current Cenozoic Era is the Age of
The largest division of the geologic time scale is the
The largest division of the geologic time scale is the
What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA) in the process of protein synthesis?
What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA) in the process of protein synthesis?
What term describes the physical expression of a gene?
What term describes the physical expression of a gene?
If a trait is said to be sex-linked, where is the gene responsible for that trait located?
If a trait is said to be sex-linked, where is the gene responsible for that trait located?
Which of the following genetic disorders is caused by a mutation that leads to an extra copy of chromosome 21?
Which of the following genetic disorders is caused by a mutation that leads to an extra copy of chromosome 21?
What is the probability that two heterozygous parents (Aa) will produce an offspring that is homozygous recessive (aa)?
What is the probability that two heterozygous parents (Aa) will produce an offspring that is homozygous recessive (aa)?
During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the double helix?
During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the double helix?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the strands of DNA during replication?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the strands of DNA during replication?
During transcription, what is the role of RNA polymerase?
During transcription, what is the role of RNA polymerase?
Which of the following best defines evolution?
Which of the following best defines evolution?
What term refers to the variety of different species within a habitat or ecosystem?
What term refers to the variety of different species within a habitat or ecosystem?
Which of the following statements describes the concept of common descent?
Which of the following statements describes the concept of common descent?
What role do mutations play in evolution?
What role do mutations play in evolution?
What does fitness refer to in an evolutionary context?
What does fitness refer to in an evolutionary context?
Homologous structures are best described as:
Homologous structures are best described as:
DNA and protein sequences are analyzed to provide evidence of evolution through:
DNA and protein sequences are analyzed to provide evidence of evolution through:
What do embryological similarities among different species suggest about their evolutionary relationships?
What do embryological similarities among different species suggest about their evolutionary relationships?
Which of the following terms refers to structures in organisms that have lost most or all of their original function through evolution?
Which of the following terms refers to structures in organisms that have lost most or all of their original function through evolution?
In biogeography, why are island species often more closely related to mainland species than to other island species?
In biogeography, why are island species often more closely related to mainland species than to other island species?
What is the significance of the fossil record in understanding evolution?
What is the significance of the fossil record in understanding evolution?
What is systematics?
What is systematics?
Which taxonomic rank is the highest in the traditional Linnaean classification system?
Which taxonomic rank is the highest in the traditional Linnaean classification system?
The classification of an organism often involves the use of a specific type of naming system. What is this system called?
The classification of an organism often involves the use of a specific type of naming system. What is this system called?
Which of the following describes an analogy in the context of systematics?
Which of the following describes an analogy in the context of systematics?
What type of tree diagram is commonly used to represent evolutionary relationships among species?
What type of tree diagram is commonly used to represent evolutionary relationships among species?
Flashcards
Evolution
Evolution
Change in the gene frequency of a population over generations.
Genetic Drift
Genetic Drift
Change in gene frequencies due to random events, not natural selection.
Gene Flow
Gene Flow
The movement of genes into or out of a population through immigration or emigration.
Non-random Mating
Non-random Mating
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Mutation
Mutation
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Artificial Selection
Artificial Selection
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Recombination
Recombination
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Bottleneck Effect
Bottleneck Effect
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Artificial vs. Natural Selection
Artificial vs. Natural Selection
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Fitness (Evolutionary)
Fitness (Evolutionary)
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Homologous Structures
Homologous Structures
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Vestigial Structures
Vestigial Structures
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Embryological Similarities
Embryological Similarities
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Significance of the Fossil Record
Significance of the Fossil Record
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Systematics
Systematics
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Analogy in Systematics
Analogy in Systematics
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Phylogenetic Tree
Phylogenetic Tree
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Species richness
Species richness
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mRNA Function
mRNA Function
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Phenotype
Phenotype
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Study Notes
Mechanisms of Evolution
- Evolution occurs through changes in gene frequency within a population from one generation to the next
- Genetic drift is responsible for changes in gene frequencies due to chance processes
Gene Flow
- Gene flow, involving immigration or emigration, is identified as a mechanism that causes changes in the gene frequency of a population
Mechanisms of Evolution
- Non-random mating happens when species prefer to interbreed with mates that have predetermined qualities
- Mutation mechanisms include deletion, insertion, substitution, or inversion of DNA resulting from radiation or copying errors
Intra-Sexual Competition
- Intra-sexual competition in species can lead to the preservation of genes of successful organisms
Artificial Selection
- Selective breeding or cross-pollination activities by humans in animals and crops causes changes in gene frequency
Recombination
- Recombination is a natural process during meiosis involving crossing over of homologous chromosomes, which results in gene variation and random gene exchange
Natural and Artificial Selection
- Artificial selection is manipulated by humans, natural selection is dictated by the environment
Bottleneck Effect
- The bottleneck effect happens after genetic drift, when a significant portion of a population is wiped out or unable to reproduce due to catastrophic events, which causes change in the gene frequency of the affected population
Cause of Mechanisms of Evolution
- Gene flow, genetic drift, and recombination are some mechanisms of evolution
- Natural selection is a mechanism of evolution that may not be caused by accident or unforeseen events
Mesozoic Era
- During the Mesozoic Era Pangaea formed and asteroids impacted the Earth, killing the dinosaurs
Geologic Time Scale
- The geologic time scale, from largest to smallest, is subdivided into eons, eras, periods, and epochs
- Trace fossils appeared in The Pre-Cambrian era, which is the longest part of Earth's history
- The Mesozoic Era which was the Age of Reptiles and the current Cenozoic Era is the Age of Mammals
- An eon is the largest division of the geologic time scale
Genetics and mRNA
- Messenger RNA (mRNA) transfers genetic information from DNA to ribosomes during protein synthesis
Phenotype
- Phenotype describes the physical expression of a gene
Sex-linked Traits
- If a trait is sex-linked, the responsible gene is located on the X chromosome
Down Syndrome
- An extra copy of chromosome 21 leads to Down syndrome
Probability in Offspring
- There is a 25% probability that two heterozygous parents (Aa) will produce an offspring that is homozygous recessive (aa)
DNA Replication
- Helicase is responsible for unwinding the double helix during DNA replication
DNA Replication Strands
- During DNA replication, one strand is synthesized continuously, and the other is synthesized discontinuously
Transcription
- During transcription, RNA polymerase synthesizes a complementary RNA strand
Evolution
- Evolution means change in the genetic composition of a population over generations
- Species richness refers to the variety of different species within a habitat or ecosystem
- All living organisms come from a common ancestor
Mutations
- Mutations create new alleles, thus contributing to genetic variation
Fitness
- Fitness refers to the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment
Homologous Structures
- Homologous structures serve different functions but share a common ancestry
Evidence of Evolution
- DNA and protein sequences evidence of evolution are analyzed through genetic similarities and differences among species
- Embryological similarities among diverse species provides evidence that they share a common ancestor
Vestigial Structures
- Vestigial structures are those in organisms that have lost most or all of their original function through evolution
Island Species
- Island species are more closely related to mainland species because they share a recent common ancestor from the mainland
Fossil Record
- The fossil record documents the progression of species over time and shows transitional forms
Systematics
- Systematics is the science of naming and classifying organisms based on their evolutionary relationships
Linnaean Classification
- Kingdom is the highest taxonomic rank in the traditional Linnaean classification system
Classification Through Naming
- Binomial nomenclature is a naming system for classification
Analogy
- An analogy is when similar features in organisms arise independently due to adaptation to similar environments
Phylogenetic Tree
- A phylogenetic tree is used to represent evolutionary relationships among species
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