GENE FREQUENCY

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What term best describes the proportion of loci in a population that contain a particular allele?

Genotypic frequency

Mutation rate

Phenotypic frequency

Allele frequency (correct)

Which phenomenon causes a change in gene frequency due to chance and cannot be controlled in direction?

Migration

Selection

Mutation

Genetic drift (correct)

How does the size of a population affect the amount of genetic drift?

Larger populations lead to more genetic drift (correct)

Smaller populations lead to more genetic drift

Genetic drift only occurs in medium-sized populations

Population size has no effect on genetic drift

What is the process of bringing new breeding stock into a population known as?

Migration Signup and view all the answers

Which method can be used to achieve direct changes in gene frequency for genetic improvement?

Selection Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the frequency with which a particular genotype occurs in a population?

Genotypic frequency Signup and view all the answers

What are the two different forms of haemoglobin in sheep?

HbA and HbB Signup and view all the answers

What are the three different possible genotypes resulting from alleles A and B?

AA, AB, BB Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency of the A gene in the population?

0.6 Signup and view all the answers

Which mathematical model is used to calculate gene frequencies in real populations after one generation of random mating?

Hardy-Weinberg Law Signup and view all the answers

What does random mating in a population for a certain character mean?

Mating without considering genotype for that trait Signup and view all the answers

Is the concept of random mating relevant in species where breeding is largely under human control?

No, random mating does not occur in controlled breeding situations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency of the white gene allele in the population?

0.2 Signup and view all the answers

How is the frequency of the black gene allele calculated in the given population?

By dividing the total black genes by twice the number of birds Signup and view all the answers

Why can't frequencies of dominant and recessive alleles be determined through gene counting?

Because dominant homozygotes and heterozygotes look the same Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in calculating the frequencies of dominant and recessive alleles?

Counting individuals expressing the recessive trait Signup and view all the answers

Which formula is used to calculate the frequency of the white gene allele?

(1 - p) Signup and view all the answers

In a population of 200 individuals, if 40 exhibit a recessive trait, what will be the decimal fraction representing this count?

0.25 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between natural selection and artificial selection?

Natural selection is based on the suitability of animals to be parents, while artificial selection is controlled by humans. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'gene pool' refer to in population genetics?

The set of genetic information carried by all interbreeding members of a population. Signup and view all the answers

Why can allele frequencies not always be directly measured in a population?

Because only phenotypes can be observed, not genotypes. Signup and view all the answers

How is population defined in the context of breeding and genetics?

The genetic composition of all individuals in a breed or species. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary basis for natural selection?

The fact that some animals are more suited and have more natural opportunity to be parents. Signup and view all the answers

What does population genetics specifically focus on?

The genetic composition and gene frequencies within a population. Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency of homozygotes in the ideal Hardy-Weinberg population if the relevant gene frequency is represented by p?

$p^2$ Signup and view all the answers

In the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of heterozygotes if the gene frequencies are represented by p and q?

$2pq$ Signup and view all the answers

What represents the sum of the frequencies of the two alleles in an ideal Hardy-Weinberg population?

$p + q = 1$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the probability that a homozygously recessive individual will result in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

$q^2$ Signup and view all the answers

If p represents the frequency of the dominant allele in gametes, what is the probability that both sperm and egg will contain this allele?