Evolution Mechanisms Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between genetic drift and natural selection?

  • Genetic drift is caused by mutations, while natural selection is caused by gene flow.
  • Genetic drift is random, while natural selection is based on advantageous traits. (correct)
  • Genetic drift increases genetic diversity, while natural selection decreases it.
  • Genetic drift occurs in large populations, while natural selection occurs in small populations.

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of evolution?

  • Adaptation (correct)
  • Gene flow
  • Genetic drift
  • Natural selection

How does gene flow influence the genetic makeup of populations?

  • It leads to the development of new species.
  • It decreases genetic diversity by removing alleles.
  • It has no effect on genetic diversity.
  • It increases genetic diversity by introducing new alleles. (correct)

What is the bottleneck effect?

<p>The loss of genetic diversity due to a population crash. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of how mutations can lead to the evolution of new traits?

<p>A bacteria develops resistance to an antibiotic after exposure to the drug. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor that drives natural selection?

<p>Variations within a population (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase "survival of the fittest" mean in the context of natural selection?

<p>Organisms with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best describes the mechanism of disruptive selection?

<p>A population of birds with a varied beak size, where birds with beaks suited for specific food sources thrive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does geographic isolation contribute to speciation?

<p>It prevents gene flow between populations, allowing them to evolve independently (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which temporal isolation prevents interbreeding?

<p>Differences in mating seasons or times of day (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does directional selection affect the variation within a population?

<p>It eliminates variation by favoring only one specific trait (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely outcome for a species that fails to adapt to changes in its environment?

<p>Decline in population size and potential extinction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Organisms with advantageous traits are more likely to __________, contributing to the evolution of the species.

<p>survive and reproduce (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Genetic Drift

A random change in allele frequencies due to chance events.

Bottleneck Effect

A population crash that reduces genetic diversity.

Founder Effect

A small group starts a new population with limited genetic diversity.

Gene Flow

The transfer of genetic material between populations, influencing diversity.

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Mutation

Changes in DNA that create new alleles leading to new traits.

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Natural Selection

The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment survive and produce more offspring.

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Survival of the Fittest

'Fit' organisms survive and reproduce based on advantageous traits.

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Geographic Isolation

Separation of populations by physical barriers leading to species development.

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Behavioral Isolation

Different mating behaviors in populations prevent interbreeding.

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Temporal Isolation

Populations breed at different times preventing interbreeding.

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Directional Selection

Increases the frequency of a specific trait in a population.

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Disruptive Selection

Favors extreme traits, potentially leading to speciation.

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Stabilizing Selection

Favors intermediate traits, reducing variation in the population.

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