40 Questions
What is the primary mechanism underlying genetic drift?
Random fluctuation of allele frequencies over time
Which of the following scenarios is an example of the Founder Effect?
A small group of individuals from a large population establish a new population
What is the term for the extreme reduction in population size, resulting in a loss of genetic diversity?
The Bottleneck Effect
Which of the following is a characteristic of genetic drift in small populations?
Random fluctuation of allele frequencies over time
What is the primary difference between genetic drift and natural selection?
Genetic drift is a random process, while natural selection is directional
What is the primary mechanism for accumulating adaptive differences in populations according to natural selection?
Gradual accumulation of beneficial mutations
What is the term for the loss of genetic variation in a population due to a drastic reduction in population size?
Bottleneck effect
What is the term for the random change in allele frequency in a small population?
Genetic drift
What is the primary difference between genetic drift and natural selection?
Genetic drift is random, while natural selection is directional
What is an example of a 'natural laboratory of evolution' where natural selection and genetic drift have been studied?
The Galápagos Islands
What is the primary reason why genetic drift has a more significant impact on small populations?
Because small populations are more susceptible to genetic drift due to their limited gene pool
What is an example of a bottleneck effect?
A severe reduction in population size due to a natural disaster
How does genetic drift differ from natural selection?
Genetic drift is random, while natural selection is directional
What is the founder effect, and how does it relate to genetic drift?
The founder effect is a type of genetic drift, and it decreases genetic diversity
What is the key difference between genetic drift and gene flow?
Genetic drift changes allele frequencies over time, while gene flow changes the gene pool
What is the primary mechanism by which genetic drift leads to the loss of genetic variation in small populations?
Random sampling of alleles from one generation to the next
Which of the following is an example of the bottleneck effect?
A small group of individuals that survive a natural disaster
What is the main difference between genetic drift and natural selection?
Genetic drift is a directional force, while natural selection is a random force
What is the founder effect?
The creation of a new population from a small group of individuals
Which of the following evolutionary processes is most likely to lead to the fixation of a neutral allele in a population?
Genetic drift
What is the consequence of inbreeding on genotype frequencies in a population?
A deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Which of the following conditions is required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
Random mating
What is the effect of self-fertilization on the frequency of alleles in a population?
A reduction in the frequency of heterozygotes
What is the term for the random change in allele frequencies in a small population?
Genetic drift
Which of the following is NOT a condition required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
Gene flow between populations
What is the primary driver of the accumulation of biological differences between two populations that were once part of a single species?
Natural selection
What happens to a population when it experiences a severe reduction in size, resulting in a loss of genetic diversity?
Genetic drift increases
What is the term for the formation of a new population from a small group of individuals, which can lead to genetic drift?
Founder Effect
What is the key difference between genetic drift and natural selection?
Genetic drift is a directional force, while natural selection is a random process
What is the term for the random fluctuations in allele frequency that occur in small populations?
Genetic Drift
What can be a consequence of a bottleneck effect in a population?
Increased susceptibility to disease outbreaks
What is the primary difference between the genetic drift that occurs in large populations versus small populations?
The rate of genetic drift is slower in large populations
Which of the following is an example of a genetic drift event?
A population of 10 individuals that is split into two groups of 5
What is the primary difference between genetic drift and natural selection?
Genetic drift is a random process, while natural selection is a directional process
What is the term for the genetic drift that occurs when a few individuals colonize a new habitat?
Founder effect
What is the relationship between the population size and the effect of genetic drift?
The effect of genetic drift is smaller in large populations
What is the primary consequence of the bottleneck effect in the cheetah population?
Increased susceptibility to disease outbreaks
What is the term for the random change in allele frequency in a small population?
Genetic drift
What is the primary difference between the genetic drift that occurs in a population affected by a bottleneck effect and the genetic drift that occurs in a population affected by a founder effect?
The bottleneck effect leads to a loss of genetic variation, while the founder effect leads to a gain of genetic variation
What is the relationship between the frequency of an allele in a population and the effect of genetic drift?
The effect of genetic drift is smaller for alleles with high frequencies
Explore the concepts of genetic drift, natural selection, and artificial selection in various populations, including the Galápagos Islands, dogs, and cattle. Learn about the impact of these evolutionary forces on the genetic diversity of different species.
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