Genetics and Biotechnology: Evolution and Selection

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What is the primary mechanism underlying genetic drift?

Non-random mating between individuals

Mutation rates varying between populations

Selection pressure from environmental factors

Random fluctuation of allele frequencies over time (correct)

Which of the following scenarios is an example of the Founder Effect?

A population of cattle is domesticated and bred for specific traits

A small group of individuals from a large population establish a new population (correct)

A natural disaster reduces the size of a population

A large population of dogs is divided into two smaller populations

What is the term for the extreme reduction in population size, resulting in a loss of genetic diversity?

Natural selection

Artificial selection

Genetic drift

The Bottleneck Effect (correct)

Which of the following is a characteristic of genetic drift in small populations?

Random fluctuation of allele frequencies over time Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between genetic drift and natural selection?

Genetic drift is a random process, while natural selection is directional Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism for accumulating adaptive differences in populations according to natural selection?

Gradual accumulation of beneficial mutations Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the loss of genetic variation in a population due to a drastic reduction in population size?

Bottleneck effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the random change in allele frequency in a small population?

Genetic drift Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between genetic drift and natural selection?

Genetic drift is random, while natural selection is directional Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a 'natural laboratory of evolution' where natural selection and genetic drift have been studied?

The Galápagos Islands Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why genetic drift has a more significant impact on small populations?

Because small populations are more susceptible to genetic drift due to their limited gene pool Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a bottleneck effect?

A severe reduction in population size due to a natural disaster Signup and view all the answers

How does genetic drift differ from natural selection?

Genetic drift is random, while natural selection is directional Signup and view all the answers

What is the founder effect, and how does it relate to genetic drift?

The founder effect is a type of genetic drift, and it decreases genetic diversity Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between genetic drift and gene flow?

Genetic drift changes allele frequencies over time, while gene flow changes the gene pool Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which genetic drift leads to the loss of genetic variation in small populations?

Random sampling of alleles from one generation to the next Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of the bottleneck effect?

A small group of individuals that survive a natural disaster Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between genetic drift and natural selection?

Genetic drift is a directional force, while natural selection is a random force Signup and view all the answers

What is the founder effect?

The creation of a new population from a small group of individuals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following evolutionary processes is most likely to lead to the fixation of a neutral allele in a population?

Genetic drift Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of inbreeding on genotype frequencies in a population?

A deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Random mating Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of self-fertilization on the frequency of alleles in a population?

A reduction in the frequency of heterozygotes Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the random change in allele frequencies in a small population?

Genetic drift Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a condition required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Gene flow between populations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary driver of the accumulation of biological differences between two populations that were once part of a single species?

Natural selection Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a population when it experiences a severe reduction in size, resulting in a loss of genetic diversity?

Genetic drift increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the formation of a new population from a small group of individuals, which can lead to genetic drift?

Founder Effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between genetic drift and natural selection?

Genetic drift is a directional force, while natural selection is a random process Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the random fluctuations in allele frequency that occur in small populations?

Genetic Drift Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of a bottleneck effect in a population?

Increased susceptibility to disease outbreaks Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the genetic drift that occurs in large populations versus small populations?

The rate of genetic drift is slower in large populations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a genetic drift event?

A population of 10 individuals that is split into two groups of 5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between genetic drift and natural selection?

Genetic drift is a random process, while natural selection is a directional process Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the genetic drift that occurs when a few individuals colonize a new habitat?

Founder effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the population size and the effect of genetic drift?

The effect of genetic drift is smaller in large populations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of the bottleneck effect in the cheetah population?

Increased susceptibility to disease outbreaks Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the random change in allele frequency in a small population?

Genetic drift Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the genetic drift that occurs in a population affected by a bottleneck effect and the genetic drift that occurs in a population affected by a founder effect?

The bottleneck effect leads to a loss of genetic variation, while the founder effect leads to a gain of genetic variation Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the frequency of an allele in a population and the effect of genetic drift?

The effect of genetic drift is smaller for alleles with high frequencies Signup and view all the answers

Genetics and Biotechnology: Evolution and Selection

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism underlying genetic drift?

Which of the following scenarios is an example of the Founder Effect?

What is the term for the extreme reduction in population size, resulting in a loss of genetic diversity?

Which of the following is a characteristic of genetic drift in small populations?

What is the primary difference between genetic drift and natural selection?

What is the primary mechanism for accumulating adaptive differences in populations according to natural selection?

What is the term for the loss of genetic variation in a population due to a drastic reduction in population size?

What is the term for the random change in allele frequency in a small population?

What is the primary difference between genetic drift and natural selection?

What is an example of a 'natural laboratory of evolution' where natural selection and genetic drift have been studied?

What is the primary reason why genetic drift has a more significant impact on small populations?

What is an example of a bottleneck effect?

How does genetic drift differ from natural selection?

What is the founder effect, and how does it relate to genetic drift?

What is the key difference between genetic drift and gene flow?

What is the primary mechanism by which genetic drift leads to the loss of genetic variation in small populations?

Which of the following is an example of the bottleneck effect?

What is the main difference between genetic drift and natural selection?

What is the founder effect?

Which of the following evolutionary processes is most likely to lead to the fixation of a neutral allele in a population?

What is the consequence of inbreeding on genotype frequencies in a population?

Which of the following conditions is required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

What is the effect of self-fertilization on the frequency of alleles in a population?

What is the term for the random change in allele frequencies in a small population?

Which of the following is NOT a condition required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

What is the primary driver of the accumulation of biological differences between two populations that were once part of a single species?

What happens to a population when it experiences a severe reduction in size, resulting in a loss of genetic diversity?

What is the term for the formation of a new population from a small group of individuals, which can lead to genetic drift?

What is the key difference between genetic drift and natural selection?

What is the term for the random fluctuations in allele frequency that occur in small populations?

What can be a consequence of a bottleneck effect in a population?

What is the primary difference between the genetic drift that occurs in large populations versus small populations?

Which of the following is an example of a genetic drift event?

What is the primary difference between genetic drift and natural selection?

What is the term for the genetic drift that occurs when a few individuals colonize a new habitat?

What is the relationship between the population size and the effect of genetic drift?

What is the primary consequence of the bottleneck effect in the cheetah population?

What is the term for the random change in allele frequency in a small population?

What is the primary difference between the genetic drift that occurs in a population affected by a bottleneck effect and the genetic drift that occurs in a population affected by a founder effect?

What is the relationship between the frequency of an allele in a population and the effect of genetic drift?

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