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Evolution Mechanisms and Natural Selection Quiz
40 Questions
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Evolution Mechanisms and Natural Selection Quiz

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@EffectualLlama

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Questions and Answers

What are the four factors that could change allele frequencies in a population, according to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle?

  • Natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow (correct)
  • Microevolution, mutation, environmental change, and genetic variation
  • Bottleneck effect, founder effect, gene pool, and artificial selection
  • Adaptation, speciation, sexual selection, and macroevolution

    • Which individual is more likely to survive and reproduce according to the process of natural selection?

  • One with adaptive traits (correct)
  • One with random mutations
  • One with genetic variation
  • One with environmental changes

    • What is the term used to describe the change in allele frequencies in a population due to chance events?

  • Gene flow
  • Bottleneck effect
  • Genetic drift (correct)
  • Founder effect

    • When does the bottleneck effect occur?

    <p>When there is a sudden sharp decline in a population’s size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the founder effect?

    <p>The loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a small number of individuals cleaved from a larger population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Darwin choose the name 'natural selection' to contrast with?

    <p>'Artificial selection'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a process known as an organism’s success at attracting a mate?

    <p>Sexual selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the change due to “sampling error” in selecting the alleles for the next generation from the gene pool of the current generation called?

    <p>'Genetic drift'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Charles Darwin write the definitive book outlining his idea of?

    <p>Natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might happen if the environment changes rapidly?

    <p>Some species may not be able to adapt fast enough through natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does gene flow refer to?

    <p>The transfer of genes from the gene pool of one population to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a chromosome?

    <p>A thread-like structure that carries genetic information and comes in pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mutation in living organisms?

    <p>To change the DNA sequence within a gene or chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does genetic drift differ from natural selection?

    <p>Genetic drift does not take into account an allele’s benefit (or harm) to the individual, unlike natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DNA in living organisms?

    <p>To carry genetic information in the form of genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is gene flow mediated between two populations of the same species?

    <p>Through migration and reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of deleterious mutation on an organism?

    <p>It reduces the fitness of an organism and increases susceptibility to illnesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a gene represent?

    <p>A unit of hereditary information consisting of a sequence of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows for new combinations of traits within a population?

    <p>The introduction of new alleles within a population through gene flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is genome in living organisms?

    <p>The complete set of an organism's genetic material contained in its chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gene flow can only take place between populations of the same species.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Genetic drift always takes into account the benefit or harm of an allele to the individual that carries it.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mutation always results in deleterious effects on the organism.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Deleterious mutations can increase the fitness of an organism.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Horizontal gene transfer is also known as lateral gene transfer.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chromosomes always come in singular form within a nucleus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    New combinations of traits within a population are allowed by gene flow.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Genetic drift is more likely to occur in larger populations.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Beneficial mutations always lead to the reproductive success and adaptability of an organism to its environment.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DNA is made up of a single-stranded nucleic acid arranged as a double helix.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Natural selection is a process through which populations of living organisms remain constant in the absence of the four factors that could change allele frequencies.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Genetic drift is a change in allele frequencies in a population that occurs due to chance events.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bottleneck effect occurs when there is a sudden increase in a population’s size typically due to environmental factors.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The founder effect refers to the loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a large number of individuals from a larger population.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Darwin chose the name natural selection to contrast with 'artificial selection'.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Genetic drift always leads to the adaptation and survival of the fittest individuals within a population.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sexual selection is a form of natural selection that depends on an organism’s success at adapting to the environment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mutation is one of the four factors that could change allele frequencies in a population, according to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle states that allele frequencies in a population will remain constant in the presence of the four factors that could change them.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Speciation refers to the process where one species gives rise to new and distinctly different species.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

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