Evolution and Natural Selection
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Questions and Answers

What is a common characteristic of vertebrate development?

  • They all undergo metamorphosis
  • They all have similar adult forms
  • They all have vestigial structures
  • They all go through a fish-like stage (correct)

    • What is the term for structures that are remnants of ancestral traits?

  • Evolutionary leftovers
  • Rudimentary structures
  • Ancestral remains
  • Vestigial structures (correct)

    • What is an example of a vestigial structure in humans?

  • Appendix (correct)
  • Wisdom teeth
  • Tailbone
  • All of the above

    • Why do closely related organisms tend to be found in close geographic proximity?

    <p>Because they have limited dispersal opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why marsupials dominate the mammalian fauna in Australia?

    <p>Because placental mammals were physically separated from the continent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of natural selection?

    <p>It can only mold available genetically based variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of penguins' wings?

    <p>Swimming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of selection in the evolution of a population?

    <p>It favors beneficial genetic changes when they occur by chance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it incorrect to refer to selection as a force?

    <p>It implies that the environment pushes a population to a more adapted state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common pitfall when discussing selection?

    <p>Anthropomorphizing on behalf of living things.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of referring to selection as a force?

    <p>That it has a mind of its own.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should biologists avoid when discussing animal behavior and evolution?

    <p>Imputing conscious motives to animals or genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of plants dominated the landscape during the Carboniferous and Permian periods?

    <p>Ferns and their relatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adaptation helped gymnosperms disperse more efficiently?

    <p>Evolution of seeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key modification that contributed to the success of dinosaurs?

    <p>Evolution of an upright stance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do splay-stanced animals need to stop frequently to breathe?

    <p>Their chest cavity is compressed during movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What benefit did warm-bloodedness provide to dinosaurs?

    <p>Increased vigor of movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the evolutionary relationship between birds and dinosaurs?

    <p>Birds evolved from sauriscian dinosaurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average rate of nucleotide substitution per 10^9 years at silent sites?

    <p>4.61</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common feature shared among the bones of human hands, bat's wings, and whale's flippers?

    <p>Similar muscle insertion points and ridges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do evolutionary changes in development tend to occur at the periphery of development?

    <p>Because changes at the periphery have a lower risk of being deleterious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the slower evolution of replacement sites?

    <p>Because they are more conserved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of sharing similar developmental pathways across different organisms?

    <p>They are modified descendants of a common ancestor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for a change in early development to be propagated?

    <p>The benefit of the early alteration must outweigh the consequences to later development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the major difference between the traits studied by Mendel and biometricians?

    <p>Mendel studied discrete traits, while biometricians studied continuously varying traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Hardy and Weinberg's model assume about the alleles?

    <p>That all alleles reproduced at the same rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did biometricians think about Mendel's laws?

    <p>They thought they only held for a few traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did biometricians consider Mendel's traits aberrations?

    <p>Because they were not continuous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of Hardy and Weinberg's independent work?

    <p>They showed that the frequency of an allele would not change over time simply due to its being rare or common</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Mendel's discovery of discrete genes?

    <p>It showed that genes exist at some frequency in natural populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

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