Evolution and Natural Selection
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Questions and Answers

What is a common characteristic of vertebrate development?

  • They all undergo metamorphosis
  • They all have similar adult forms
  • They all have vestigial structures
  • They all go through a fish-like stage (correct)

What is the term for structures that are remnants of ancestral traits?

  • Evolutionary leftovers
  • Rudimentary structures
  • Ancestral remains
  • Vestigial structures (correct)

What is an example of a vestigial structure in humans?

  • Appendix (correct)
  • Wisdom teeth
  • Tailbone
  • All of the above

Why do closely related organisms tend to be found in close geographic proximity?

<p>Because they have limited dispersal opportunities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why marsupials dominate the mammalian fauna in Australia?

<p>Because placental mammals were physically separated from the continent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of natural selection?

<p>It can only mold available genetically based variation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of penguins' wings?

<p>Swimming (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of selection in the evolution of a population?

<p>It favors beneficial genetic changes when they occur by chance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it incorrect to refer to selection as a force?

<p>It implies that the environment pushes a population to a more adapted state. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common pitfall when discussing selection?

<p>Anthropomorphizing on behalf of living things. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of referring to selection as a force?

<p>That it has a mind of its own. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should biologists avoid when discussing animal behavior and evolution?

<p>Imputing conscious motives to animals or genes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of plants dominated the landscape during the Carboniferous and Permian periods?

<p>Ferns and their relatives (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What adaptation helped gymnosperms disperse more efficiently?

<p>Evolution of seeds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key modification that contributed to the success of dinosaurs?

<p>Evolution of an upright stance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do splay-stanced animals need to stop frequently to breathe?

<p>Their chest cavity is compressed during movement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What benefit did warm-bloodedness provide to dinosaurs?

<p>Increased vigor of movements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the evolutionary relationship between birds and dinosaurs?

<p>Birds evolved from sauriscian dinosaurs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average rate of nucleotide substitution per 10^9 years at silent sites?

<p>4.61 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common feature shared among the bones of human hands, bat's wings, and whale's flippers?

<p>Similar muscle insertion points and ridges (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do evolutionary changes in development tend to occur at the periphery of development?

<p>Because changes at the periphery have a lower risk of being deleterious (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the slower evolution of replacement sites?

<p>Because they are more conserved (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of sharing similar developmental pathways across different organisms?

<p>They are modified descendants of a common ancestor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a change in early development to be propagated?

<p>The benefit of the early alteration must outweigh the consequences to later development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the major difference between the traits studied by Mendel and biometricians?

<p>Mendel studied discrete traits, while biometricians studied continuously varying traits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Hardy and Weinberg's model assume about the alleles?

<p>That all alleles reproduced at the same rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did biometricians think about Mendel's laws?

<p>They thought they only held for a few traits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did biometricians consider Mendel's traits aberrations?

<p>Because they were not continuous (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of Hardy and Weinberg's independent work?

<p>They showed that the frequency of an allele would not change over time simply due to its being rare or common (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Mendel's discovery of discrete genes?

<p>It showed that genes exist at some frequency in natural populations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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