Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best exemplifies how species vary globally, as observed by Darwin?
Which of the following best exemplifies how species vary globally, as observed by Darwin?
- Emus in Australia, ostriches in Africa, and rheas in South America occupy similar niches. (correct)
- Finches on the Galapagos Islands have beaks adapted to different food sources.
- Species on islands share similar characteristics with species on the mainland.
- Glyptodonts, ancient armadillo-like creatures, share similarities with modern armadillos.
Darwin described natural selection as the mechanism by which species change over time. What is the fundamental principle of natural selection?
Darwin described natural selection as the mechanism by which species change over time. What is the fundamental principle of natural selection?
- Traits are acquired during an organism's lifetime and passed to offspring.
- Organisms with traits that enhance survival and reproduction are more likely to pass on their genes. (correct)
- The environment selects which traits are most aesthetically pleasing.
- All species evolve from multiple common ancestors.
In artificial selection, which factor determines the survival and reproduction of organisms?
In artificial selection, which factor determines the survival and reproduction of organisms?
- The ability to overcome environmental challenges.
- Random chance.
- Human preference for specific traits. (correct)
- The presence of inheritable characteristics that increases survival.
Which statement best captures the relationship between adaptation and fitness?
Which statement best captures the relationship between adaptation and fitness?
The Galapagos finches are an example of how species evolve through adaptation to changing environmental conditions. What specific environmental change drove the adaptation of their beaks?
The Galapagos finches are an example of how species evolve through adaptation to changing environmental conditions. What specific environmental change drove the adaptation of their beaks?
What evidence from molecular biology provides support for Darwin's theory of evolution from a common ancestor?
What evidence from molecular biology provides support for Darwin's theory of evolution from a common ancestor?
Which concept did Darwin use to describe how traits change over time if they help or harm survival and reproduction?
Which concept did Darwin use to describe how traits change over time if they help or harm survival and reproduction?
According to Darwin's observations and the modern understanding of evolution, which of the following is true about the relationship between ancient and modern organisms?
According to Darwin's observations and the modern understanding of evolution, which of the following is true about the relationship between ancient and modern organisms?
Which of the following is the BEST explanation of fitness in the context of natural selection?
Which of the following is the BEST explanation of fitness in the context of natural selection?
What is the significance of the observation that species on islands often resemble species from the nearest mainland?
What is the significance of the observation that species on islands often resemble species from the nearest mainland?
Flashcards
Species Variation
Species Variation
Species vary globally, locally, and over time, showing differences and similarities.
Natural Selection
Natural Selection
The mechanism by which species change over time through a natural, non-artificial process.
Artificial Selection
Artificial Selection
Selecting which organisms survive and reproduce, driven by human choice rather than the environment.
Adaptation
Adaptation
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Fitness
Fitness
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Natural Selection
Natural Selection
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Galapagos Finches
Galapagos Finches
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Molecular biology
Molecular biology
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Study Notes
Scientific Theory
- Darwin learned that species vary globally, locally, and over time on his expedition
- Examples of global variation include the emu, ostrich, and rhea
- Local variation is seen in the Galapagos finches
- Glyptodonts and armadillos showed variation over time, as ancient organisms resembled modern species but differed in several ways
- Darwin described natural selection as the mechanism by which species change over time
- All species evolved from an ancient common ancestor
- Ancient organisms were similar to modern species but different in many ways
- Traits change over time if they help or harm survival and reproduction.
Ideas that Influenced Darwin
- Humans select which organisms survive and reproduce in artificial selection, not the environment
Natural Selection
- Adaptation is an inheritable characteristic that increases survival and reproduction in an environment, such as a pelican's beak
- Fitness is the ability to survive in the present environment and have many offspring
- Natural selection occurs when there is a struggle for survival, and a trait helps or harms survival
- Galapagos finches descended from a common ancestor
- Changing environmental conditions, such as food supply, led to adaptations such as beaks, causing new species to evolve
- Varieties of birds evolve from one species
- Galapagos finches' original ancestors migrated from the mainland
- In the last 100 years, molecular biology evidence has supported Darwin's theory that all life evolved from a single common ancestor
- Organisms on islands resemble ancient common ancestors
- All living things descend from an ancient common ancestor
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