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Questions and Answers
What does evolution refer to?
What does evolution refer to?
Darwin's ideas developed instantly without influence from others.
Darwin's ideas developed instantly without influence from others.
False
Who proposed the two principles related to evolutionary change, known as use and disuse and inheritance of acquired characteristics?
Who proposed the two principles related to evolutionary change, known as use and disuse and inheritance of acquired characteristics?
Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck
What is the term used to describe inherited characteristics that enhance an organism's survival and reproduction?
What is the term used to describe inherited characteristics that enhance an organism's survival and reproduction?
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The publication of 'The Origin of Species' by Charles Darwin in _____ started a scientific revolution.
The publication of 'The Origin of Species' by Charles Darwin in _____ started a scientific revolution.
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What did Darwin propose as an explanation for adaptation?
What did Darwin propose as an explanation for adaptation?
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Artificial selection involves breeding individuals with desired traits.
Artificial selection involves breeding individuals with desired traits.
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Study Notes
Introduction
- Organisms are adapted for their environments
- Many life forms share characteristics
- Life is diverse.
- Evolution is the process of species accumulating differences from ancestors.
- This is described as "descent with modification."
Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
- Darwin's On the Origin of Species (1859) changed scientific thought.
- Darwin's ideas built upon the work of others, including Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) who developed a classification system for species.
- Linnaeus established the binomial naming system for species (e.g., Homo sapiens).
- Darwin studied fossils, remains of past organisms.
- Fossils are found in sedimentary rock layers called strata.
Lamarck’s Hypothesis
- Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) proposed two principles of evolution:
- Use and disuse: Body parts used extensively grow larger, unused parts deteriorate.
- Inheritance of acquired characteristics: Modifications acquired during life are passed to offspring.
- This mechanism is not supported by evidence.
Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection
- Darwin reasoned that species from the mainland colonized and diversified on islands.
- Adaptations are inherited traits that help an organism survive and reproduce in its environment.
- Darwin's theory of natural selection states that individuals with traits best suited to their environment survive and reproduce at higher rates.
- Darwin's work was influenced by Alfred Russel Wallace, who independently reached the same conclusion about natural selection.
- Darwin viewed the history of life as a branching tree, with common ancestors and diverging lineages.
- Extinct lineages help explain differences between modern species.
Artificial Selection
- Artificial selection is the process of humans breeding organisms with desired traits, selecting for specific characteristics.
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Description
Explore the principles of evolution, including Darwin's groundbreaking ideas in On the Origin of Species and Lamarck's early hypotheses. This quiz delves into adaptations, fossil studies, and the classification of species. Test your knowledge of key concepts in evolutionary biology!
