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Questions and Answers
What is the primary idea behind the theory of evolution?
What is the primary idea behind the theory of evolution?
- Life on Earth has remained unchanged over time.
- All living organisms have a common ancestral origin. (correct)
- Species evolve only in response to environmental disasters.
- Species cannot interbreed with one another.
Which of the following best describes a species?
Which of the following best describes a species?
- A group of similar organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. (correct)
- A collection of different life forms on Earth.
- A group of organisms that cannot interbreed.
- Any organism that shares characteristics with another organism.
What observation did Darwin make about finches in the Galápagos Islands?
What observation did Darwin make about finches in the Galápagos Islands?
- Each species of finch had a beak type suited to the food available on its island. (correct)
- Finches on each island were identical to mainland species.
- Finches evolved in isolation from other birds.
- All finches had similar beak types regardless of food sources.
What did Darwin's observations during his travels lead him to propose?
What did Darwin's observations during his travels lead him to propose?
What role did the HMS Beagle play in Darwin's research?
What role did the HMS Beagle play in Darwin's research?
Which statement reflects Darwin's belief about the process of evolution?
Which statement reflects Darwin's belief about the process of evolution?
What did Darwin conclude about the relationship between different species?
What did Darwin conclude about the relationship between different species?
What did Darwin's idea of heritable differences imply?
What did Darwin's idea of heritable differences imply?
Flashcards
Theory of Evolution
Theory of Evolution
A theory that explains how life on Earth has changed over time, based on the idea that organisms adapt to their environments to survive and reproduce.
Natural Selection
Natural Selection
The process by which organisms with traits better suited to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully, passing those beneficial traits to their offspring.
Species
Species
A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
On the Origin of Species
On the Origin of Species
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Common Ancestor
Common Ancestor
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HMS Beagle
HMS Beagle
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Galápagos Islands
Galápagos Islands
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Adaptation
Adaptation
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Study Notes
Evolution
- Evolution is the change in life on Earth over long periods, with living things adapting to environmental changes.
- Charles Darwin is known as the "Father of Evolution," proposing that all living organisms share a common ancestor.
- Darwin's theory of evolution is based on descent from a common ancestor, and that all organisms are related.
Species
- A species is a group of similar organisms that interbreed to produce fertile offspring.
- Darwin's observations of species, particularly finches in the Galapagos Islands, showed differences in beak type related to available food sources, indicating adaptation to different environments.
- Finches with different beak types were well-suited to specific food sources on their respective islands.
- This process of adaptation over long periods may have led to the formation of new species.
Darwin's Observations
- Darwin's observations of species were primarily based on global travels during the HMS Beagle expedition (1831-1836).
- He studied various organisms and their adaptations in different environments.
- His observations included the distribution and characteristics of organisms in South America, Australia, and the southern tip of Africa.
Descent with Modification
- Darwin proposed that new species arise from pre-existing species through gradual changes over time.
- He believed that species share a common ancestor and accumulate heritable genetic differences.
- "Descent with modification" refers to the process where traits are passed down through generations, accumulating differences leading to new species.
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