Evidence of Evolution Flashcards
26 Questions
100 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which six things support evolution?

  • Observational Studies (correct)
  • Comparative Anatomy (correct)
  • Bio-geography (correct)
  • Molecular Biology (correct)
  • Comparative Embryology (correct)
  • Fossil Record (correct)

    • What is a fossil?

    The remains or traces of an organism that died long ago.

    What is a transitional fossil and why are they important?

    Any fossilized remains of a life form that exhibits traits common to both an ancestral group and its derived descendant group. They support Darwin's idea that organisms do change over time.

    How did the study of fossils help support Darwin's ideas about evolution?

    <p>They indicate that organisms do change over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of superposition?

    <p>If the rock strata at a location have not been disturbed, the lowest stratum was formed before the strata above it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does bio-geography study?

    <p>The distribution of organisms around the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is comparative anatomy?

    <p>When scientists compare the bone structures of different organisms to find similarities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do similarities in bone structure indicate to a scientist?

    <p>That two organisms have a common ancestor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are homologous structures?

    <p>Anatomical structures that occur in different species and originated by heredity from a structure in the most recent common ancestor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are analogous structures?

    <p>Structures that have closely related functions but do not derive from the same ancestral structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are vestigial structures?

    <p>Structures that serve no function but resemble structures with functional roles in related organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of vestigial pelvic and leg bones in modern whales suggest?

    <p>Their ancestors had legs and walked on land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does comparative embryology reveal?

    <p>Similar patterns of development among different organisms may indicate a common ancestor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does early embryonic gill slits in vertebrates suggest?

    <p>That they had a common ancestor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is embryology useful to taxonomists?

    <p>Comparing the development of embryos reveals evolutionary relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is not evidence that two organisms should be classified in the same group?

    <p>They eat the same prey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does molecular biology provide evidence for?

    <p>It provides the most reliable evidence that two organisms are related.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 4 bases found in the nucleotides of DNA?

    <p>A, T, C, G</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Every ______ nucleotides correspond to a specific ______.

    <p>3, amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    About what % of nucleotides are the same between the banana and human?

    <p>About 50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    About what % of nucleotides are the same between the chimp and human?

    <p>About 98%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which evidence provides strong support for evolution?

    <p>The fossil record</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does genetic science contribute to the study of evolution?

    <p>Scientists can compare DNA from fossils to determine evolutionary relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is observed evolutionary change?

    <p>When we witness the creation of a new species in our own lifetime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process when a new species is formed?

    <p>Speciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does drug resistance develop in bacteria?

    <p>In the presence of an antibiotic, bacteria with genes that make them resistant survive and eventually take over the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Evidence of Evolution

    • Evolution is supported by fossil records, bio-geography, comparative anatomy, comparative embryology, molecular biology, and observed evolutionary change.

    Fossil Record

    • Fossil record documents species change over time, confirming Darwin's descent with modification concept.
    • Older fossil organisms are found in lower geological layers, while more modern ones are in upper layers.

    Fossils Defined

    • Fossils are the remains or traces of long-extinct organisms.

    Transitional Fossils

    • Transitional fossils show traits of both ancestral and derived descendant groups, validating the evolution of species over time.

    Principle of Superposition

    • The principle states that in undisturbed rock strata, the lowest layer is older than the layers above it.

    Bio-geography

    • Bio-geography studies how organisms are distributed globally, revealing evolutionary patterns.

    Comparative Anatomy

    • Comparative anatomy analyzes bone structures of various organisms to identify evolutionary similarities, indicating common ancestry.

    Homologous Structures

    • Homologous structures are anatomical features shared by different species from a common ancestor.

    Analogous Structures

    • Analogous structures serve similar functions in different species but do not share a common ancestor.

    Vestigial Structures

    • Vestigial structures are remnants that no longer serve a function but resemble functional structures in related species (e.g., pelvic bones in modern whales).

    Comparative Embryology

    • Embryology shows that different species can have similar developmental stages, hinting at common ancestry.

    Gill Slits in Embryos

    • Early vertebrate embryos, including humans, possess gill slits which develop into ears and throat structures, suggesting a common ancestor among vertebrates.

    Importance of Embryology in Taxonomy

    • Embryological comparisons help taxonomists uncover evolutionary relationships among species.

    Molecular Biology

    • Molecular biology offers substantial evidence linking organisms through DNA sequence analysis; closely related species exhibit similar DNA.

    DNA Nucleotide Bases

    • The four nucleotides in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

    Genetic Coding

    • Every three nucleotides correspond to a specific amino acid in protein synthesis.

    Genetic Similarity

    • Bananas and humans share approximately 50% of their nucleotide sequences, while chimpanzees and humans are about 98% similar.

    Strong Evidence for Evolution

    • The fossil record is a significant piece of evidence for evolutionary theory.

    Role of Genetics in Evolution

    • Modern genetics allows for comparisons of DNA between fossils and living species to establish evolutionary relationships and mechanisms.

    Observed Evolutionary Change

    • This occurs through witnessed speciation events, such as the rapid evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria due to reproduction and mutation.

    Speciation

    • Speciation is the process through which a new species is formed.

    Drug Resistance in Bacteria

    • Drug-resistant bacteria survive antibiotic treatment, leading to their dominance in the population as they reproduce.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz focuses on key concepts related to the evidence supporting evolution. You will explore various aspects such as the fossil record, comparative anatomy, and molecular biology, which are vital in understanding evolutionary theory. Test your knowledge and see how these elements contribute to the broader understanding of evolution.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser