Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a limitation of a systematic review even if it is considered the highest level of evidence?
What is a limitation of a systematic review even if it is considered the highest level of evidence?
What criteria would disqualify a systematic review from being considered Level I evidence?
What criteria would disqualify a systematic review from being considered Level I evidence?
What aspect of study design does internal validity primarily refer to?
What aspect of study design does internal validity primarily refer to?
Why is it important to evaluate the studies included in a systematic review?
Why is it important to evaluate the studies included in a systematic review?
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What constitutes Level II evidence?
What constitutes Level II evidence?
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What is the first step in the evidence-based practice process?
What is the first step in the evidence-based practice process?
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Which of the following types of questions is LEAST likely to be addressed in evidence-based practice?
Which of the following types of questions is LEAST likely to be addressed in evidence-based practice?
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Why is it important to formulate a specific question in evidence-based practice?
Why is it important to formulate a specific question in evidence-based practice?
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After formulating a question, what is the next step in the evidence-based practice process?
After formulating a question, what is the next step in the evidence-based practice process?
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What factor should therapists always consider along with research evidence?
What factor should therapists always consider along with research evidence?
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Which step in the evidence-based practice process involves assessing the findings from previous steps?
Which step in the evidence-based practice process involves assessing the findings from previous steps?
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What is the ultimate goal of an intervention decision grounded in evidence-based practice?
What is the ultimate goal of an intervention decision grounded in evidence-based practice?
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What should be done after implementing useful findings in evidence-based practice?
What should be done after implementing useful findings in evidence-based practice?
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What did the orthopedic surgeon suggest after the cast was removed?
What did the orthopedic surgeon suggest after the cast was removed?
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What reason did the orthopedic surgeon have for wanting to keep the cast on longer?
What reason did the orthopedic surgeon have for wanting to keep the cast on longer?
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How did the mother respond to the surgeon's recommendations?
How did the mother respond to the surgeon's recommendations?
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What was a key factor that influenced the surgeon's decision to comply with the mother's request?
What was a key factor that influenced the surgeon's decision to comply with the mother's request?
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What aspect of decision-making was emphasized as important for best practice in the health care setting?
What aspect of decision-making was emphasized as important for best practice in the health care setting?
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Which of the following best describes the nature of the relationship between the orthopedic surgeon and the family?
Which of the following best describes the nature of the relationship between the orthopedic surgeon and the family?
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Which of the following components is NOT part of evidence-based practice?
Which of the following components is NOT part of evidence-based practice?
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What defines the focus of Natalie Jones' early psychosis employment program?
What defines the focus of Natalie Jones' early psychosis employment program?
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What is the primary method used by researchers to develop external scientific evidence?
What is the primary method used by researchers to develop external scientific evidence?
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What foundational principle is highlighted in the development of early psychosis programs according to Natalie Jones?
What foundational principle is highlighted in the development of early psychosis programs according to Natalie Jones?
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What is the first step of the scientific method?
What is the first step of the scientific method?
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What can reflective practitioners gain from the tension between research findings and clinical experience?
What can reflective practitioners gain from the tension between research findings and clinical experience?
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In the context of evidence-based practice, which of the following best illustrates the role of client's values?
In the context of evidence-based practice, which of the following best illustrates the role of client's values?
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What was the hypothesis of the researchers in the study about the technology-assisted enriched environment?
What was the hypothesis of the researchers in the study about the technology-assisted enriched environment?
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Which of the following describes the outcome when comparing the intervention group to the control group in the mentioned study?
Which of the following describes the outcome when comparing the intervention group to the control group in the mentioned study?
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What should be prioritized for the best clinical decisions in evidence-based practice?
What should be prioritized for the best clinical decisions in evidence-based practice?
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What does the example of external scientific evidence in the content primarily highlight?
What does the example of external scientific evidence in the content primarily highlight?
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What type of evidence does a systematic review provide?
What type of evidence does a systematic review provide?
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According to the content, why should results from a single study be viewed with caution?
According to the content, why should results from a single study be viewed with caution?
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Which intervention was chosen by Sam's parents to address his sleep issues?
Which intervention was chosen by Sam's parents to address his sleep issues?
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How has the perspective on practitioner experience evolved in evidence-based practice?
How has the perspective on practitioner experience evolved in evidence-based practice?
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What is a potential short-term effect of implementing standard extinction in children with autism?
What is a potential short-term effect of implementing standard extinction in children with autism?
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What is one of the key limitations of scientific research mentioned in the content?
What is one of the key limitations of scientific research mentioned in the content?
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What role does clinical experience play in the decision-making process?
What role does clinical experience play in the decision-making process?
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Which research design level is generally considered to provide the strongest evidence?
Which research design level is generally considered to provide the strongest evidence?
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What major finding did the Cuomo et al (2017) systematic review report regarding sleep interventions for children with autism?
What major finding did the Cuomo et al (2017) systematic review report regarding sleep interventions for children with autism?
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What aspect of the scientific method is emphasized in the content?
What aspect of the scientific method is emphasized in the content?
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What criticism did early models of evidence-based practice face?
What criticism did early models of evidence-based practice face?
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Which among the following approaches is mentioned in the review as a method for addressing sleep issues?
Which among the following approaches is mentioned in the review as a method for addressing sleep issues?
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What was the parents' belief about starting the bedtime intervention during a long weekend?
What was the parents' belief about starting the bedtime intervention during a long weekend?
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What is a core concept emphasized regarding scientific evidence and practitioner practice?
What is a core concept emphasized regarding scientific evidence and practitioner practice?
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What outcome did Sam's parents report after one week of using the extinction technique?
What outcome did Sam's parents report after one week of using the extinction technique?
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Study Notes
Defining Evidence-Based Practice
- Trust science, believe that innovation and discoveries are good for us, and make decisions based in data and evidence.
- Quote by Julie Payette, astronaut and Governor General of Canada.
- Evidence-based practice combines external scientific evidence, practitioner experience, and client/family values to inform clinical decisions.
What is Evidence-Based Practice?
- External Scientific Evidence: research from scientific journals, offering objective information applicable to clinical problems.
- Practitioner Experience: practitioners' experiences and knowledge relevant to specific practice situations.
- Client Situation and Values: clients' experiences, values, and preferences.
Why Evidence-Based Practice?
- Essential when scientific evidence is insufficient.
- Ensures clinical decisions are made within the context of client's situation.
Writing an Evidence-Based Question
- Questions regarding intervention efficacy, assessment usefulness, condition description, outcome prediction, and the client's lived experience.
- Different research designs used for each type of question.
Learning Outcomes
- Identify components of evidence-based decision-making.
- Apply an evidence-based hierarchy to specific research studies.
- Describe types of research questions and the clinical information they provide.
- Explain the purpose of critically appraised topics and papers.
External Scientific Evidence
- Scientific approach is critical for evidence gathering in research.
- Method involves asking questions, gathering information, formulating hypotheses, testing those hypotheses, examining the evidence, and reporting the evidence.
- Randomized controlled trials are strong evidence for efficacy studies.
Practitioner Experience
- Clinical experience and expertise are important components of evidence-based practice.
- Reflection on experience is crucial to knowledge building in practice.
- Theory plays a role in explaining the rationale behind an intervention.
Client/Family Situation and Values
- Client preferences and values should be factored into the treatment planning process.
- Shared decision making involves a collaborative process where practitioners share information from research and client experiences.
- Decision-making process depends on client, family, and caregiver values.
Evidence-Based Practice in Rehabilitation
- Stems from evidence-based medicine.
- Defined by David Sackett and colleagues as conscientious and judicious use of current best evidence.
- Evidence-based practice requires an active exchange between researchers and clinicians. Clients' values and experience are also relevant factors.
Evidence in the Real World: Applying Evidence-Based Practice to Early Psychosis Programming
- Program developed using evidence-based practice principles.
- Focused on increasing client independence and addressing the needs identified in the research.
- Encompasses external scientific evidence, practitioner experiences, and clients' values and preferences.
Why Evidence-Based Practice?
- Acknowledges that current best evidence is essential for professional practice.
The Process of Evidence-Based Practice
- A cyclical process, mirroring the scientific method.
- Steps include: formulating a question, identifying relevant evidence, evaluating the evidence, implementing useful findings, and evaluating outcomes.
Questions for the Usefulness of an Assessment
- Psychometric methods assess reliability (consistency) and validity (accuracy) of assessment tools for consistency of scoring, agreement of scoring by different testers, and stability of scoring across different forms.
- Validity assesses if an instrument measures what it is supposed to measure.
Research Designs Used in Descriptive Studies
- Aim to describe a phenomenon as it occurs.
- Examples include prevalence and incidence studies.
- Survey methods are frequently used to collect data.
Research Designs Used in Predictive Studies
- Focuses on identifying predictors of outcomes, conditions, responses, etc.
- Strongest evidence often comes from longitudinal studies where factors are studied over multiple time points.
Questions About the Client's Lived Experience
- Qualitative research methods are suitable for these nuanced questions.
- Explores lived experiences and interpretations of conditions through interviews, observations, and subjective data.
Critically Appraised Topics and Critically Appraised Papers
- CATs summarize and synthesize multiple studies relating to a topic.
- CAPs critically appraise individual studies.
- Important resources in evidence-based clinical practice.
Evidence-Based Clinical Questions
- PICO format (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) is critical for precisely formulating research questions about intervention efficacy.
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Description
Test your understanding of evidence-based practice and systematic reviews with this quiz. Explore concepts such as the levels of evidence, internal validity, and the steps in the evidence-based practice process. This quiz is ideal for healthcare professionals and students looking to deepen their knowledge in this crucial area.
