Evidence-Based Practice in Administration
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Questions and Answers

What does Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) primarily integrate?

  • Theoretical knowledge only
  • Client testimonials alone
  • Traditional methods only
  • Practitioner expertise and research evidence (correct)

    • EBP is only applicable in clinical settings.

    False

    What is the first step in the Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) process?

    Question formulation

    EBP promotes a __________ approach by understanding clients as individuals.

    <p>client-centered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following challenges of implementing EBP with their descriptions:

    <p>Time and Resource Constraints = Assessing relevant research can be time-consuming Conflicting Evidence = Inconsistencies in research findings complicate decision-making Generalizability of Findings = Lack of evidence relevant to specific populations Complexity of Practice = Misunderstanding EBP as a simplistic, cookbook approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of EBP?

    <p>Personal opinions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Practicing EBP aligns with ethical obligations regarding informed consent.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about Evidence-Based Practice?

    <p>It is a cookbook approach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the threshold for considering differences statistically significant?

    <p>0.05</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A small sample size decreases the likelihood that a result is due to chance.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is external validity?

    <p>It evaluates whether study findings can be generalized to other settings and populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Random assignment is important for eliminating __________ in research.

    <p>biases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the effect when control group clients feel less motivated?

    <p>Resentful Demoralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the study designs with their characteristics:

    <p>Posttest-only control group = Pretest measurements not conducted due to client circumstances Random assignment = Dual treatment approach in separate agencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of treatment fidelity in research?

    <p>It ensures that the intervention is implemented as intended to draw valid conclusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Practical significance and statistical significance always denote the same outcome.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major limitation of both studies discussed?

    <p>Small sample size raises questions about equivalence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quasi-experimental designs cannot be used to obtain reasonably strong internal validity without a control group.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two major forms of quasi-experimental designs?

    <p>Time-series designs and single-case designs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a simple time-series design, multiple data points are collected over time to analyze changes before and after an __________.

    <p>intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a strength of Study 2?

    <p>No control group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>O = Represents observation X = Signifies intervention Time-series design = Collects multiple data points over time Control group = A group that is not exposed to the intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 X O6 O7 O8 O9 O10' represent in a simple time-series design?

    <p>'O' represents observations and 'X' signifies the introduction of the intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Treatment fidelity was assessed in Study 1.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is NOT part of the PICo framework?

    <p>Control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    PICO questions are only suitable for qualitative research.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'O' in the PICO framework stand for?

    <p>Outcome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Questions must have direct relevance to the __________ practice and services provided by agencies.

    <p>social work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of PICO/PICo questions with their purpose:

    <p>Effectiveness questions = Assess program efficacy Prevention questions = Investigate preventive capacity Description questions = Explore client experiences Features of PICO questions = Define key attributes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of effective PICO/PICo questions?

    <p>They arise from client or community issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cognitive behavioral therapy is compared to no intervention in an effectiveness question.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give an example of a descriptive PICo question.

    <p>How do caregivers describe their experience caring for elderly relatives?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT a threat to the validity of an intervention study?

    <p>External Validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Randomization is used primarily to enhance the external validity of a study.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of maturation in intervention studies?

    <p>Natural development over time that affects the outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Changes in ______ can lead to misleadingly positive results in a study.

    <p>Measurement/Instrumentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Causal Ambiguity = Uncertainty in cause and effect relation Attrition = Loss of participants during a study Control Group Contamination = Exposure of control groups to experimental conditions Statistical Regression to the Mean = Extreme cases moving towards average over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to selection bias in a study?

    <p>Differences in parental involvement between groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    External validity is synonymous with causal relationships found in a study.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'control group contamination' refer to?

    <p>Untargeted exposure of control groups to conditions of the intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)

    • EBP integrates research findings, practitioner expertise, and client characteristics.
    • Clients are understood as individuals, promoting a person-centered approach.

    Implementing EBP

    • The first step in EBP is identifying a client need.
    • EBP promotes ethical practice by seeking informed consent.
    • Challenges of implementing EBP:
      • Lack of time: Limited time for practitioners to search and analyze research.
      • Lack of accessibility: Difficulty in accessing and understanding research findings.
      • Lack of support: Inadequate organizational support and resources for EBP implementation.
      • Lack of confidence: Practitioners may not be confident in their ability to critically evaluate research.

    Common Misconceptions about EBP:

    • EBP is only for clinical settings.
    • EBP means following a set protocol and not using judgment or creativity.

    Components of EBP

    • Client characteristics: Recognizing individual needs and preferences.
    • Clinical expertise: Practitioner knowledge and experience.
    • Best research evidence: Utilizing high-quality studies to support interventions.
    • NOT a component: Opinions or beliefs not supported by research.

    Statistical Significance

    • A threshold of p < 0.05 is often used, indicating a less than 5% chance of the observed result occurring by chance.
    • Small sample sizes decrease the statistical significance of results.

    Internal and External Validity in Research

    • Internal Validity: Degree to which changes in the independent variable are responsible for changes in the dependent variable.
    • External Validity: Generalizability of research findings to other populations and settings.
    • Random assignment helps eliminate selection bias in research.
    • Hawthorne effect: Control group members may feel less motivated because they are not receiving the intervention.

    Study Designs

    • Experimental: The gold standard for establishing causal relationships; includes a control group for comparison.
      • Characteristics: Random assignment, control group, manipulation of independent variable.
    • Quasi-experimental: Less rigorous than experimental designs, often lacking random assignment or a control group.
      • Characteristics: Lack of random assignment, control group may be absent or created after intervention.
    • Single-subject: Design focused on individual participants, examining their response to interventions.
      • Characteristics: Repeated data collection from a single individual, often involves baseline data collection.

    Treatment Fidelity in Research

    • Ensures that the intervention is delivered consistently and accurately across all participants.
    • Practical significance: The real-world impact of the intervention.
    • Statistical significance: The likelihood of the observed result being due to chance.
    • Limitation of studies:
      • Small sample size: May limit applicability of findings to larger populations.
      • Lack of follow-up: Difficult to assess long-term effects of intervention.

    Quasi-experimental Designs

    • Non-equivalent control group design: Groups are not randomly assigned and differences may exist before the intervention.
    • Simple time-series design: Multiple data points are collected over time to analyze changes before and after an intervention.

    Strengths and Weaknesses of a Study

    • Study 2 is a non-equivalent control group design.
    • Strengths:
      • Larger sample size: Enhances generalizability of results.
      • Longer duration of intervention: Provides more insight into long-term effects.
    • Weakness:
      • Lack of random assignment: May result in uncontrolled differences between groups.

    Simple Time-Series Design

    • 'O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 X O6 O7 O8 O9 O10': Represents multiple data points (O) collected before (O1-O5) and after (O6-O10) the intervention (X).

    PICo Framework

    • Population: Who are the clients or participants?
    • Intervention: What is the intervention or treatment being investigated?
    • Comparison: What is the alternative or comparison treatment?
    • Outcome: What is the desired outcome or change?
    • NOT a component: Context, while important, is not a core element.
    • PICO questions can be used for both qualitative and quantitative research.
    • 'O' in PICo: Outcome, the desired result or change.

    PICO Question Types

    • Effectiveness: Compares two or more interventions.
    • Harm: Examines the negative effects of an intervention.
    • Diagnosis: Evaluates the accuracy and effectiveness of diagnostic tools.
    • Prognosis: Predicts the course of a condition or disease.
    • Descriptive: Explores the prevalence or characteristics of a phenomenon.

    PICO Question Characteristics

    • Clear and concise: Easy to understand and interpret.
    • Specific: Focused on a particular client population and intervention.
    • Measurable: Outcomes are quantifiable or observable.
    • Feasible: Question can be answered with available resources and time.

    Intervention Studies

    • Threats to validity:
      • Maturation: Changes in the participants over time, independent of the intervention.
      • History: External events that occur during the study.
      • Selection bias: Systematic differences between the groups at the start of the study.
      • Instrumentation: Changes in the measurement methods used.
      • Testing: Repeated testing can influence participant performance.
      • Regression to the mean: Extreme scores tend to move closer to the average over time.
    • Control group contamination: When members of the control group unintentionally receive aspects of the intervention.

    Summary

    • EBP is critical for effective practice, but challenges exist.
    • Research designs play a crucial role in understanding the validity of interventions.
    • PICo questions guide EBP inquiry, allowing for specific and measurable searches.
    • Threats to validity must be considered when interpreting research results.

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    Related Documents

    Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the application of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) beyond clinical settings, highlighting its relevance in administrative and policy-making decisions. Participants will learn about the importance of critical thinking, challenges in EBP implementation, and the integration of research evidence with practitioner expertise and client values.

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