Podcast
Questions and Answers
What can a doctor not do, even if they have time to read all published articles and studies?
What can a doctor not do, even if they have time to read all published articles and studies?
- Evaluate the value of the study (correct)
- Review all published articles
- Read selectively
- Interpret the study's methodology
What does 'explicit' mean in the context of evidence-based practice?
What does 'explicit' mean in the context of evidence-based practice?
- Being up-front, open, clear and transparent (correct)
- Using personal values to guide decision-making
- Using good judgement and common sense
- Being careful and thorough in what you do
What is the ultimate goal of evidence-based medicine?
What is the ultimate goal of evidence-based medicine?
- To solely rely on personal values to guide decision-making
- To integrate the experience of the clinician, the values of the patient, and the best available scientific information (correct)
- To teach research methodology
- To read all published articles and studies
What does 'judicious' mean in the context of evidence-based practice?
What does 'judicious' mean in the context of evidence-based practice?
What is evidence-based practice?
What is evidence-based practice?
What is a result of the change in the way physicians practice medicine due to evidence-based medicine?
What is a result of the change in the way physicians practice medicine due to evidence-based medicine?
When was the term 'Evidence-Based Medicine' first proposed?
When was the term 'Evidence-Based Medicine' first proposed?
What led to the development of Evidence-Based Medicine?
What led to the development of Evidence-Based Medicine?
Who led the group that consolidated and named the approach as Evidence-Based Medicine in 1992?
Who led the group that consolidated and named the approach as Evidence-Based Medicine in 1992?
What is a characteristic of medical knowledge?
What is a characteristic of medical knowledge?
What is an impact of the shift to Evidence-Based Medicine?
What is an impact of the shift to Evidence-Based Medicine?
What was the original purpose of the committee formed in 1970?
What was the original purpose of the committee formed in 1970?
What is a key feature of Evidence-Based Medicine?
What is a key feature of Evidence-Based Medicine?
Where was the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics located?
Where was the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics located?
What is a characteristic of Cochrane Systematic Reviews?
What is a characteristic of Cochrane Systematic Reviews?
What is the primary difference between Cochrane Systematic Reviews and Non-Cochrane Systematic Reviews?
What is the primary difference between Cochrane Systematic Reviews and Non-Cochrane Systematic Reviews?
What is the purpose of Critically Appraised Articles?
What is the purpose of Critically Appraised Articles?
When would you need to access Unfiltered Information Resources?
When would you need to access Unfiltered Information Resources?
What is MEDLINE?
What is MEDLINE?
Why do research articles in journals require critical evaluation?
Why do research articles in journals require critical evaluation?
What is the main difference between filtered and unfiltered information resources?
What is the main difference between filtered and unfiltered information resources?
What is an example of an Unfiltered Information Resource?
What is an example of an Unfiltered Information Resource?
What is the first step in the 5 As technique of Evidence-Based Medicine?
What is the first step in the 5 As technique of Evidence-Based Medicine?
What is the primary purpose of critical appraisal in EBM?
What is the primary purpose of critical appraisal in EBM?
What does PICO stand for in the context of critical appraisal?
What does PICO stand for in the context of critical appraisal?
Which of the following is NOT a key question to consider during critical appraisal?
Which of the following is NOT a key question to consider during critical appraisal?
What is the ultimate goal of the 5 As technique in Evidence-Based Medicine?
What is the ultimate goal of the 5 As technique in Evidence-Based Medicine?
Why is critical appraisal necessary in Evidence-Based Medicine?
Why is critical appraisal necessary in Evidence-Based Medicine?
What is the primary goal of a well-framed clinical question in EBM?
What is the primary goal of a well-framed clinical question in EBM?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good clinical question in EBM?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good clinical question in EBM?
What does the 'P' in PICO stand for?
What does the 'P' in PICO stand for?
What is the purpose of the 'I' in PICO?
What is the purpose of the 'I' in PICO?
What is the main difference between PICO and PECO?
What is the main difference between PICO and PECO?
Which of the following is an example of an 'O' in PICO?
Which of the following is an example of an 'O' in PICO?
What is the primary benefit of using a framework like PICO to frame a clinical question?
What is the primary benefit of using a framework like PICO to frame a clinical question?
Why is it important to ask good clinical questions in EBM?
Why is it important to ask good clinical questions in EBM?
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Study Notes
Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM)
- EBM originated in the late 1980s, and was first proposed in medical literature in 1991 as a new way of teaching the practice of medicine.
- It was consolidated and named EBM in 1992 by a group led by Gordon Guyatt from McMaster University in Ontario, Canada.
- EBM is a change in the way physicians practice medicine, teach, and learn, and handle research.
Definition of EBM
- EBM is the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in helping individual patients make decisions about their care.
- It integrates the experience of the clinician, the values of the patient, and the best available scientific information to guide decision-making about clinical management.
- Conscientious means being careful and thorough, explicit means being up-front, open, and clear, and judicious means using good judgement and common sense.
Need for EBM
- Medical knowledge grows every day, and medical research is continually discovering improved treatment methods and therapies.
- Practitioners must keep up to date with current research, but not all studies are equally well-designed, conducted, or interpreted.
- Doctors lack the time to evaluate the value of each study, its methodology, outcome, and transparency.
Five Basic Steps of EBM
- Step 1: Clinical Question (ASK)
- Framing the question using PICO/PECO (Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome)
- Examples: 47-year-old male with DM2 and cellulitis toe, 25-year-old female with DVT and chest pain
- Step 2: Find Best Evidence (Acquire)
- Filtered information resources: Cochrane Systematic Reviews, Non-Cochrane Systematic Reviews, Critically Appraised Articles
- Unfiltered information resources: Journal Articles, Research articles found in journals (e.g., MEDLINE)
- Step 3: Critical Appraisal (APPRAISE)
- Evaluate evidence for quality and usefulness
- Appraisal principles: PICO, methodology, bias, results, and relevance
- Step 4: Apply the Evidence (Apply)
- Implement useful findings in clinical practice
- Step 5: Evaluate (Assess)
- The information, intervention, and EBM process
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