Evidence-based Medicine - EBM 1 & 2 Lecture Series

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Which type of pain scale is considered only suitable for acute pain?

Likert scale

Numeric rating scale

Multi-dimensional pain inventory

Visual analog scale (correct)

What is the critical appraisal question listed that pertains to the randomness of subject group assignments in a study?

Is assignment to groups truly random? (correct)

Does the study address a clearly focused question (PICOt)?

Is the intervention the only difference between groups?

Are subjects and assessors blind?

In the context of clinical trials, what does statistical significance NOT represent?

Assessing the risk that a difference was due to chance

Indicating a clinical difference

Determining the truth (correct)

A requirement for determining clinical significance

Which type of pain scale includes scales like the brief pain inventory and the McGill pain questionnaire?

Multi-dimensional pain inventory Signup and view all the answers

What percentage reduction in the Visual Analog Scale or Numeric Rating scale is considered an example of clinically significant pain relief?

30% Signup and view all the answers

In a study comparing two treatments, what does a p value of 0.05 indicate?

High risk of chance differences between treatments Signup and view all the answers

According to Dr. Nicola Tyers, what is the definition of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) provided by David Sackett?

The integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the second lecture in the Evidence-Based Medicine seminar series?

Calculating numbers and pharmacoeconomics. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a learning objective of the first lecture in the Evidence-Based Medicine series?

Understanding the principles of randomized controlled trials. Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym PICO stand for in the context of Evidence-Based Medicine?

Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between statistical significance and clinical significance?

Statistical significance refers to the probability that a result occurred by chance, while clinical significance refers to the practical importance of a result. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of evidence is considered the highest level in the hierarchy of evidence used in guidelines?

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Signup and view all the answers

What is the key component of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) when it comes to assessing study design?

Critical appraisal of study design Signup and view all the answers

In the context of research studies, what does the mnemonic PICO(t) stand for?

Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome Measures, Time period Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Patient Oriented Outcomes (POOs) from Disease Oriented Outcomes (DOOs)?

POOs focus on patient scores like pain scores while DOOs measure physiological parameters like BP. Signup and view all the answers

Why is critical appraisal of study design essential in research?

To determine if a well-designed study has lower risk for bias. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using checklists when evaluating research studies?

To evaluate how well a study has been designed, carried out, and reported. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for outcomes to be both statistically AND clinically significant in research studies?

To provide evidence that the intervention improves patient health outcomes significantly. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of published studies in the context of evidence-based medicine?

To assess the effectiveness of interventions and inform recommendations Signup and view all the answers

Which organization is responsible for assessing efficacy, safety, quality, and issuing product licenses for new medicinal products in the UK?

MHRA Signup and view all the answers

Which type of study is considered the 'gold standard' in evidence-based medicine?

Randomised controlled trial (RCT) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of critical appraisal in evidence-based medicine?

To assess the quality and relevance of published studies Signup and view all the answers

Which type of evidence is ranked highest in the NICE Evidence Grading system?

I Evidence from a single RCT or a meta-analysis of RCTs Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of NICE guidelines in the context of evidence-based medicine?

To assess the cost-effectiveness of interventions and inform recommendations Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the MHRA in the context of evidence-based medicine?

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of new medicinal products Signup and view all the answers

Which type of study involves collecting data from a whole population at a single point in time?

Cross-sectional study Signup and view all the answers

Which type of study involves comparing patients who have had a treatment to patients who have not had the treatment, in a retrospective manner?

Case control study Signup and view all the answers

Which type of study involves comparing patients receiving a treatment to patients who are not receiving the treatment, in a prospective manner?

Cohort study Signup and view all the answers