Evidence-based Medicine EBM 3 & 4 Lecture 2020/2021
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Questions and Answers

What is the Relative Risk Increase (RRI) calculated to be, based on the given information?

  • 30%
  • 40%
  • 200% (correct)
  • 10%

    • Which measure is used to represent the likelihood that an event will occur compared to the likelihood it won't happen?

  • Absolute risk reduction
  • Relative risk reduction
  • Number needed to treat
  • Odds Ratio (correct)

    • What does an Odds Ratio (OR) of 1 indicate?

  • Exposure/risk factor affects outcome odds
  • Exposure/risk factor does not affect outcome odds (correct)
  • There is no association between exposure/risk factor and outcome odds
  • Exposure/risk factor increases outcome odds

    • If the Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR) is 4.1%, what would be the Relative Rate of Success (RR)?

    <p>1.041</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the provided information, what does a Number Needed to Harm (NNH) of 5 mean?

    <p>For every 5 people treated, one will experience harm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between absolute risk reduction (ARR) and relative risk reduction (RRR)?

    <p>ARR is the difference in event rates between two groups, while RRR is the percentage change in the event rate between two groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of meta-analysis over RCTs?

    <p>Meta-analysis has a larger sample size, which increases the statistical power and precision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of confidence intervals in critical appraisal?

    <p>Confidence intervals provide a range of values within which the true effect size is likely to lie</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a QALY?

    <p>QALY is a measure of the quality of life gained by a treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about odds ratio (OR) is true?

    <p>OR is the ratio of the odds of an event occurring in one group to the odds of it occurring in another group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments would you choose based on the information given?

    <p>Treatment C: increased patients' survival rate from 84% to 87%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Relative Rate of success (staying alive) in surgical patients compared to medical therapy?

    <p>1.06</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Relative Risk Reduction (RRR) of death in the surgical group compared to the medical therapy group?

    <p>13.4%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR) of death in the surgical group compared to the medical therapy group?

    <p>4.1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Number Needed to Treat (NNT) for the surgical group compared to the medical therapy group?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measure provides a more meaningful comparison between the surgical and medical therapy groups?

    <p>Number Needed to Treat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measure is most affected by the baseline risk of the population being studied?

    <p>Absolute Risk Reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measure is least affected by the baseline risk of the population being studied?

    <p>Relative Rate of success</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measure is used to determine the effectiveness of a treatment in preventing adverse outcomes?

    <p>Number Needed to Treat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measure is used to compare the effectiveness of two treatments in preventing adverse outcomes?

    <p>Relative Risk Reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measure is used to determine the absolute benefit of a treatment in preventing adverse outcomes?

    <p>Absolute Risk Reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR) in the context of Treatment C?

    <p>3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Number Needed to Treat (NNT) for Treatment C?

    <p>34</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment would you choose based on the Relative Risk Reduction (RRR)?

    <p>Treatment A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment would you choose based on the Number Needed to Treat (NNT)?

    <p>Treatment D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of side-effects, what is the Absolute Risk Increase (ARI) for patients experiencing episodes of diarrhoea with a new oral antidepressant?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of side-effects, what is the Relative Risk Increase (RRI) for patients experiencing episodes of diarrhoea with a new oral antidepressant?

    <p>100%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of side-effects, what is the Number Needed to Harm (NNH) for patients experiencing episodes of diarrhoea with a new oral antidepressant?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR) calculated?

    <p>By subtracting the treatment rate from the control rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the Number Needed to Treat (NNT) calculated?

    <p>By dividing 100 by the ARR(%)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Relative Risk Reduction (RRR) in the context of Treatment C?

    <p>19%</p> Signup and view all the answers

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