31 Questions
What is the Relative Risk Increase (RRI) calculated to be, based on the given information?
200%
Which measure is used to represent the likelihood that an event will occur compared to the likelihood it won't happen?
Odds Ratio
What does an Odds Ratio (OR) of 1 indicate?
Exposure/risk factor does not affect outcome odds
If the Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR) is 4.1%, what would be the Relative Rate of Success (RR)?
1.041
Based on the provided information, what does a Number Needed to Harm (NNH) of 5 mean?
For every 5 people treated, one will experience harm.
What is the difference between absolute risk reduction (ARR) and relative risk reduction (RRR)?
ARR is the difference in event rates between two groups, while RRR is the percentage change in the event rate between two groups
What is the advantage of meta-analysis over RCTs?
Meta-analysis has a larger sample size, which increases the statistical power and precision
What is the importance of confidence intervals in critical appraisal?
Confidence intervals provide a range of values within which the true effect size is likely to lie
What is a QALY?
QALY is a measure of the quality of life gained by a treatment
Which of the following statements about odds ratio (OR) is true?
OR is the ratio of the odds of an event occurring in one group to the odds of it occurring in another group
Which of the following treatments would you choose based on the information given?
Treatment C: increased patients' survival rate from 84% to 87%
What is the Relative Rate of success (staying alive) in surgical patients compared to medical therapy?
1.06
What is the Relative Risk Reduction (RRR) of death in the surgical group compared to the medical therapy group?
13.4%
What is the Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR) of death in the surgical group compared to the medical therapy group?
4.1%
What is the Number Needed to Treat (NNT) for the surgical group compared to the medical therapy group?
7
Which measure provides a more meaningful comparison between the surgical and medical therapy groups?
Number Needed to Treat
Which measure is most affected by the baseline risk of the population being studied?
Absolute Risk Reduction
Which measure is least affected by the baseline risk of the population being studied?
Relative Rate of success
Which measure is used to determine the effectiveness of a treatment in preventing adverse outcomes?
Number Needed to Treat
Which measure is used to compare the effectiveness of two treatments in preventing adverse outcomes?
Relative Risk Reduction
Which measure is used to determine the absolute benefit of a treatment in preventing adverse outcomes?
Absolute Risk Reduction
What is the Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR) in the context of Treatment C?
3%
What is the Number Needed to Treat (NNT) for Treatment C?
34
Which treatment would you choose based on the Relative Risk Reduction (RRR)?
Treatment A
Which treatment would you choose based on the Number Needed to Treat (NNT)?
Treatment D
In the context of side-effects, what is the Absolute Risk Increase (ARI) for patients experiencing episodes of diarrhoea with a new oral antidepressant?
30%
In the context of side-effects, what is the Relative Risk Increase (RRI) for patients experiencing episodes of diarrhoea with a new oral antidepressant?
100%
In the context of side-effects, what is the Number Needed to Harm (NNH) for patients experiencing episodes of diarrhoea with a new oral antidepressant?
5
How is the Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR) calculated?
By subtracting the treatment rate from the control rate
How is the Number Needed to Treat (NNT) calculated?
By dividing 100 by the ARR(%)
What is the Relative Risk Reduction (RRR) in the context of Treatment C?
19%
Learn about different types of published studies, principles of critical appraisal, calculating numbers in critical appraisal, and topics like Pharmacoeconomics and Quality of Life. This quiz covers concepts from Dr. Nicola Tyers' lectures on Evidence-based Medicine.
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