Evidence-Based Medicine and Practice Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What was the year when evidence-based medicine was introduced?

1972

2002

1992 (correct)

2012

Which of the following is NOT an argument for the benefits of evidence-based practice?

Inefficient use of resources (correct)

Stop ineffective practices

Avoid (or decrease) biases from clinical experience alone

Promotes inquiry and continual improvement

What does evidence-informed practice arise from?

Evidence-based practice only

Evidence-based medicine only

Unsystematic clinical experience

Evidence-based medicine and evidence-based practice (correct)

What did Archie Cochrane observe about treatment decisions in 1972?

Treatment decisions were based on intuition and unsystematic clinical experience Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the benefits of evidence-based practice according to the text?

Improved clinical care Signup and view all the answers

What gap does evidence-informed practice aim to address?

17 Signup and view all the answers

What does evidence-informed practice aim to stop?

Ineffective practices (treatments, diagnostic tools) Signup and view all the answers

Which source does evidence-based practice promote the use of?

More credible sources than 'just google it' Signup and view all the answers

What did the introduction of evidence-based medicine shift away from?

'Intuition, unsystematic clinical experience, and pathophysiologic rationale' Signup and view all the answers

What does evidence-based practice aim to improve within/across professions?

Consistency, communication and collaboration Signup and view all the answers

What type of studies ask if there is a relationship between a risk factor and an outcome?

Observational studies Signup and view all the answers

What strengthens the cause-effect relationship when there are examples of well-established causes that are analogous to the one in question?

Analogy Signup and view all the answers

What type of studies compare the effect of different interventions in an individual patient?

$N$ of 1 studies Signup and view all the answers

What is used to combine the results of multiple studies?

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses Signup and view all the answers

"Biological plausibility strengthens the relationship between cause and effect if the cause-effect relationship is consistent with our current understanding of disease mechanisms." What is a challenge to biological plausibility?

Homeopathy and energy medicine Signup and view all the answers

What is strong evidence for a cause-effect relationship?

One cause leads to one effect (specificity) Signup and view all the answers

What do observational studies ask?

If there is a relationship between a risk factor and an outcome Signup and view all the answers

What do experimental studies do?

Do something to the patient and observe the result Signup and view all the answers

What do systematic reviews and meta-analyses do?

Combine the results of multiple studies Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of evidence-based practice (EBP)?

Ask, Acquire, Appraise, Apply, Assess Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern about undermining naturopathic philosophy with EBP?

Less individualization and loss of the 'art' of practice Signup and view all the answers

What is critical appraisal in the context of EBP?

Systematically examining research evidence to judge its trustworthiness and value Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between correlation and causation?

Correlation measures the relationship between variables; causation implies a direct cause-and-effect relationship Signup and view all the answers

What does bias refer to in research?

Anything that systematically influences the conclusion or distorts comparisons Signup and view all the answers

What are the principles of causation in research?

Temporality, strength, dose-response, reversibility, considerations for confounding Signup and view all the answers

What is a confounding variable in research?

An additional variable causing a change in the dependent variable Signup and view all the answers

What is empirical method in acquiring knowledge?

Acquiring knowledge through observation and experimentation Signup and view all the answers

What do gold standard studies represent in EBP?

Expensive studies that are considered highly reliable for evidence-based practice Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the misconceptions about Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)?

Reduction of treatment options for under-studied modalities Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Against the Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) approach, a practitioner uses only proven effective modalities or treatments
Misconceptions about EBP: reduction of treatment options for under-studied modalities, challenging to study complex clinical situations, and exclusion of factors that can't be applied to complex clinical situations
Concerns about undermining naturopathic philosophy: less individualization, loss of the 'art' of practice
Studies show an average improvement, but it doesn't guarantee patient benefit
Gold standard studies are expensive and don't always exist, reducing emphasis on professional judgement and creativity
Evidence-based practice (EBP) process: Ask, Acquire, Appraise, Apply, Assess
Critical appraisal: systematically examining research evidence to judge its trustworthiness and value
Empirical method of acquiring knowledge through observation and experimentation
Correlation: measurement of the size and direction of the relationship between two variables
Causation: relationship where one variable (independent variable) causes the other (dependent variable)
Confounding variable: an additional variable causing a change in the dependent variable
Bias: anything that systematically influences the conclusion or distorts comparisons, including selection, performance, attrition, detection, and observation
Principles of causation: temporality, strength, dose-response, reversibility, and considerations for confounding.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the history, purpose, and benefits of evidence-based medicine and practice. Learn about the shift from intuition to scientific research in treatment decisions and the emergence of evidence-informed practice.