Questions and Answers
What event worsened the economic situation worldwide after the US stock market crash in 1929?
The harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles
Which country took over Ethiopia and Albania under the leadership of Mussolini?
Italy
Who led a nationalist movement in Germany in the 1930s and promised to ignore the Treaty of Versailles?
Adolf Hitler
Which country was involved in a civil war with armed support from Hitler and Mussolini?
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What did Japan do in East Asia in 1937, leading to tough resistance from China and Soviet troops?
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Who formed an alliance known as the Axis during World War II?
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What event marked the beginning of World War II?
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Who was the leader of the Nazi Party and later became a dictator of Germany?
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Which countries were part of the Allies during World War II?
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What was the main reason for Adolf Hitler's rise to power in Germany?
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Study Notes
- Germany's dissatisfaction with the harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, left the country weak and economically unstable.
- The worldwide economic depression following the 1929 US stock market crash intensified Germany's political and economic instability.
- Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party, a nationalist movement, gained popularity in Germany during the 1930s. They promised to rebuild Germany, disregard the Treaty of Versailles, and avenge Germany's defeat in World War I.
- Hitler came to power as Chancellor of Germany in 1933 and became a dictator in 1934.
- During the 1930s and 1940s, European dictators, including Mussolini, Stalin, and Franco, aggressively expanded their territories, destabilizing Europe.
- Germany's annexations began with Austria in 1938, followed by Sudetenland, a part of Czechoslovakia.
- Italy's invasion of Ethiopia in 1935 and Albania in 1939, and Spain's ongoing civil war, further destabilized Europe.
- Japan's invasion of Manchuria in 1931 and China in 1937 escalated tensions in Asia.
- The League of Nations, an international organization created to promote peace, was unable to prevent the aggressive expansion of the Axis powers.
- The major players in World War II were the Axis powers (Germany, Japan, and Italy) and the Allies (Britain, France, Russia, and China, later joined by the US).
- World War II was more destructive than World War I, and it took place in Europe, Asia, and Africa.
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