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An evaporation pan is a device used to measure the rate of evaporation from open water surfaces.
An evaporation pan is a device used to measure the rate of evaporation from open water surfaces.
True
Which factor does NOT affect the rate of evaporation?
Which factor does NOT affect the rate of evaporation?
Which climatic factor has the most significant impact on potential evapotranspiration?
Which climatic factor has the most significant impact on potential evapotranspiration?
Which of the following will likely decrease the rate of evapotranspiration?
Which of the following will likely decrease the rate of evapotranspiration?
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Which of the following factors does the Thornthwaite method ignore that could affect evapotranspiration?
Which of the following factors does the Thornthwaite method ignore that could affect evapotranspiration?
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What approach is used to measure lake evaporation?
What approach is used to measure lake evaporation?
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In which type of environment would you expect the lowest evapotranspiration rates?
In which type of environment would you expect the lowest evapotranspiration rates?
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To quantify evaporation using an evaporation pan, the basis is only the measurement of water levels in the pan from time to time regardless of the type of pan used.
To quantify evaporation using an evaporation pan, the basis is only the measurement of water levels in the pan from time to time regardless of the type of pan used.
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Evapotranspiration can be divided into which two main components?
Evapotranspiration can be divided into which two main components?
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Study Notes
Evaporation and Evapotranspiration
- Evaporation is the process where a liquid transforms into a gas or vapor at the surface.
- Evapotranspiration is the sum of evaporation from the land surface and transpiration from plants.
- Factors that affect evaporation:
- Temperature: Higher temperature increases evaporation rate.
- Humidity: Lower humidity increases evaporation rate.
- Wind speed: Higher wind speed increases evaporation rate.
- Surface area: Increased surface area increases evaporation rate.
- Evaporation pan: A device used to measure the rate of evaporation from open water surfaces.
Potential Evapotranspiration (PET)
- PET is the amount of water that would be evapotranspirated if there were no water limitations.
- Thornthwaite method: A method used to estimate PET based on temperature, humidity, and wind speed.
- PET is higher in humid climates and lower in arid climates.
Evapotranspiration and Hydrological Cycle
- Evapotranspiration is an important component of the hydrological cycle, returning water vapor to the atmosphere.
- ET contributes to groundwater recharge, affects precipitation levels, and influences river flow.
Evaporation and Temperature
- Evaporation cools the liquid remaining, as high-energy molecules leave the liquid.
- Increased temperature generally speeds up the rate of evaporation.
Measurement of Evapotranspiration
- ET is harder to quantify using instrumental measurements, but it is easier to predict than rainfall.
- Quantification includes evaporation from soil, groundwater, and plants, and transpiration from plants.
Factors Affecting Evapotranspiration
- Vegetation type and density affect ET rates, with dense vegetation generally increasing ET.
- Shading decreases ET, as it reduces the amount of solar radiation available for evaporation.
- Soil moisture affects ET, as plants will not transpire if the soil is too dry.
Groundwater
- Permeability: The ability of a rock or soil to allow water to flow through it.
- Porosity: The amount of empty space in a rock or soil that can hold water.
- Grain size, sorting, and cementation affect permeability and porosity.
- Aquifers: Underground layers of permeable rock or soil that store and transmit large amounts of water.
Unit Hydrograph
- A hydrograph that shows the response of a watershed to a unit of rainfall.
- Used to predict runoff from a watershed based on rainfall data.
Water Table and Zone of Saturation
- Water table: The upper surface of the zone of saturation in groundwater.
- Zone of saturation: The area below the water table where the soil is fully saturated with water.
- Capillary fringe: The area above the water table where the soil is partially saturated with water.
Evaporation and Evapotranspiration
- Evaporation is the process where a liquid transforms into a gas or vapor at the surface.
- Evapotranspiration is the sum of evaporation from the land surface and transpiration from plants.
- Factors that affect evaporation:
- Temperature: Higher temperature increases evaporation rate.
- Humidity: Lower humidity increases evaporation rate.
- Wind speed: Higher wind speed increases evaporation rate.
- Surface area: Increased surface area increases evaporation rate.
- Evaporation pan: A device used to measure the rate of evaporation from open water surfaces.
Potential Evapotranspiration (PET)
- PET is the amount of water that would be evapotranspirated if there were no water limitations.
- Thornthwaite method: A method used to estimate PET based on temperature, humidity, and wind speed.
- PET is higher in humid climates and lower in arid climates.
Evapotranspiration and Hydrological Cycle
- Evapotranspiration is an important component of the hydrological cycle, returning water vapor to the atmosphere.
- ET contributes to groundwater recharge, affects precipitation levels, and influences river flow.
Evaporation and Temperature
- Evaporation cools the liquid remaining, as high-energy molecules leave the liquid.
- Increased temperature generally speeds up the rate of evaporation.
Measurement of Evapotranspiration
- ET is harder to quantify using instrumental measurements, but it is easier to predict than rainfall.
- Quantification includes evaporation from soil, groundwater, and plants, and transpiration from plants.
Factors Affecting Evapotranspiration
- Vegetation type and density affect ET rates, with dense vegetation generally increasing ET.
- Shading decreases ET, as it reduces the amount of solar radiation available for evaporation.
- Soil moisture affects ET, as plants will not transpire if the soil is too dry.
Groundwater
- Permeability: The ability of a rock or soil to allow water to flow through it.
- Porosity: The amount of empty space in a rock or soil that can hold water.
- Grain size, sorting, and cementation affect permeability and porosity.
- Aquifers: Underground layers of permeable rock or soil that store and transmit large amounts of water.
Unit Hydrograph
- A hydrograph that shows the response of a watershed to a unit of rainfall.
- Used to predict runoff from a watershed based on rainfall data.
Water Table and Zone of Saturation
- Water table: The upper surface of the zone of saturation in groundwater.
- Zone of saturation: The area below the water table where the soil is fully saturated with water.
- Capillary fringe: The area above the water table where the soil is partially saturated with water.
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Description
Learn about the processes of evaporation and evapotranspiration, including the factors that affect evaporation rates such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and surface area.
