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What is rainfall?
What is rainfall?
Water falling in drops after condensation of atmospheric vapor.
Which of the following factors can affect the amount of rainfall? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following factors can affect the amount of rainfall? (Select all that apply)
How is rainfall intensity expressed?
How is rainfall intensity expressed?
In millimeters of water depth per hour (mm/hr).
Effective rainfall is the portion of rainfall that contributes to soil moisture available for plant use.
Effective rainfall is the portion of rainfall that contributes to soil moisture available for plant use.
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The volume of water collected in a container with a rainfall of 10mm is _______ m3.
The volume of water collected in a container with a rainfall of 10mm is _______ m3.
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What is meant by effective rainfall?
What is meant by effective rainfall?
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What happens during excessive or prolonged heavy rainfall?
What happens during excessive or prolonged heavy rainfall?
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Study Notes
Rainfall
- Rainfall refers to water drops falling due to atmospheric condensation and is crucial for replenishing freshwater resources.
- It nourishes plant life and supports ecosystem functions, playing a vital role in agriculture.
- Excessive rainfall can result in natural disasters such as flooding and landslides.
- Measurement of rainfall is typically in terms of depth (mm) over a specific time period, which varies by location and weather events.
- Example volume calculation: A 1m x 1m x 0.01m container collects 10 liters (0.01 m³) of rain for a 10mm rainfall.
Factors Affecting Rainfall
- Latitude
- Temperature
- Moisture levels
- Types of air masses
- Frontal activity
- Differential heating
- Mountain barriers
- Land and water distribution
Rainfall Intensity
- Defined as the depth of water (in mm) received in a specified duration (hrs), measured in mm/hr.
- Example: 35mm rainfall over 3.5 hours translates to a lower intensity compared to the same amount in 1 hour, indicating high intensity.
Rainfall Distribution
- Involves assessing the spatial variation of rainfall in an area, crucial for agriculture, water management, urban planning, and disaster preparedness.
- Effective rainfall contributes to soil moisture available for crops, while ineffective rainfall is lost through surface runoff or deep percolation.
Effective Rainfall
- Represents the portion of rainfall useful for soil moisture, supporting plant needs and contributing to groundwater systems.
- Calculated effective rainfall formula: Pe = 0.6P - 10 when P is ≥ 75mm.
- Example calculation: For 60 mm/month rainfall, effective rainfall is estimated at 26 mm/month, indicating 34 mm is not available for use by plants.
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Description
This quiz focuses on Chapter 3 of ABE 31, covering crucial concepts such as rainfall and evapotranspiration. Students will explore methods for estimating evapotranspiration and understanding its role in the hydrologic cycle. Engage with learning outcomes that emphasize practical applications in water management.
