17 Questions
What type of techniques are used to provide information on temperature-induced phase changes in the stratum corneum?
Thermal analytical techniques like DSC and TGA
What does SPF stand for in the context of sunscreen products?
Sun Protection Factor
In the context of in vivo assessment of skin hydration, which method involves introducing a stream of air or nitrogen of known relative humidity into a collection chamber attached to the skin surface?
Transpirometry measurement of Trans Epidermal Water Loss (TEWL)
What is the primary evaluation criterion for creams according to the provided text?
Types of emulsion and texture consistency
Which technique involves making a silicon rubber impression of the skin by melting polyethylene beads over the surface of the skin?
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
What does a simple formula calculate in order to determine the SPF number of a sunscreen product?
The level of protection against UVB rays
Which technique is used to assess the moisture content of the stratum corneum by establishing a relationship between relative humidity and water content?
Gravimetric analytical method.
What is the primary focus of in vitro testing or laboratory assessment for evaluating the moisturizing efficiency of skin creams?
Investigating the mechanism of water binding in the stratum corneum and its interaction with environmental factors like temperature and humidity.
What type of membrane is commonly used in the water diffusion rate cell or chamber to determine the occlusive potential of a skin cream?
Neonatal rat stratum corneum or an artificial membrane.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of tensile property measurements in evaluating the moisturizing efficiency of skin creams?
It involves measuring the tensile strength of the stratum corneum obtained from various sources, including excised samples.
Which technique is used to study the viscoelastic behavior of skin, which can provide insights into its moisture content and the effects of moisturizers?
Tensile property measurements of excised stratum corneum.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the influence of temperature and humidity on the epidermis?
Investigators have attempted to define the mechanism of water binding in the stratum corneum and the influence of temperature and humidity on the epidermis.
What is the main purpose of the SPF (Sun Protection Factor) value of a sunscreen product?
To indicate the ratio between the time needed to achieve erythema on protected skin and the time needed to get it on unprotected skin.
Which of the following is NOT one of the three methods mentioned for evaluating sunscreen products?
Removed Epidermis Transmittance Method
According to the FDA, which product category designation corresponds to a sunscreen with an SPF value between 8 and 15?
Maximal
What is the main advantage of the Thin Film Transmittance Method over the Diluted Solution Transmittance Method (DSTM) for evaluating sunscreens?
It involves applying a thin film of the sample to a quartz plate and analyzing the transmittance spectrum.
What is the purpose of the Removed Epidermis Transmittance Method for evaluating sunscreens?
To show good correspondence between the measured protection and the SPF value.
This quiz covers the evaluation of moisturizing efficiency in skin creams, including in vitro testing, laboratory assessment, and instrumental means of assessing the degree of moisture in the skin. Topics include water binding in the stratum corneum, influence of temperature and humidity on the epidermis, and quantitating the hydration effects of moisturizers.
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