Evaluation of Augustine's Beliefs

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Questions and Answers

__________ is the state of mind in which someone acts against better judgement due to weakness of will

Akrasia

According to Augustine, all humans inherit original sin, which is seminally present in Adam.

True (A)

Pelagius believed that humans have sufficient free will to overcome personal sin and make correct moral choices.

True (A)

What is the primary argument that Richard Dawkins makes against the literal belief in Adam and Eve?

<p>He states that it is impossible for the human population to have been derived from only two people, given the size of the current human population. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Augustine, what is necessary to achieve ultimate good?

<p>Divine intervention, or grace from God. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'epistemic gap,' according to Augustine's view?

<p>The epistemic gap is the result of sin. This separation from God is a consequence of the Fall of Man, leading to a limited understanding of God's will.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the essence of 'Grace' according to Augustine's view?

<p>Grace is God's generous, undeserved, and free act of love. It is a gift of God that enables humans to overcome sin and achieve true goodness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Original Sin

The belief that all humans inherit original sin due to Adam's sin, affecting their ability to make moral choices.

Akrasia

A state of mind where someone acts against their better judgment due to weakness of will.

Prelapsarian

The time before the Fall of Adam and Eve, characterized by innocence, harmony, and a close relationship with God.

Postlapsarian

The time after the Fall of Adam and Eve, marked by sin, suffering, and separation from God.

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Cupiditas

Human tendencies towards sinful desires, often stemming from pride, greed, and lust.

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Caritas

Unconditional and selfless love for God and others, free from selfish motives.

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Augustine's View on Grace

The belief that God's grace is necessary for salvation, and humans are incapable of achieving it on their own.

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Pelagius' View on Free Will

The belief that humans have free will to choose good over evil and achieve salvation through their own efforts.

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Carnal Attraction

A strong physical or sexual attraction between two people.

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Original Justice

A state of innocence, purity, and harmony, characterized by complete freedom from sin and separation from God.

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Epistemic Gap

The separation between humanity and God, caused by the Fall of Adam and Eve.

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Grace

God's undeserved and free act of love, offered to humans even though they don't deserve it.

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First Death

The first death, referring to the spiritual separation of Adam from God, caused by his disobedience.

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Second Death

The physical death of every human being, seen as a consequence of the Fall.

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Continence

The practice of self-restraint and control, particularly regarding desires and impulses.

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Seminal Presence

The belief that the Fall of Adam affects all humans, making them inherit sin and become susceptible to temptation.

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Predestination

The belief that God has already determined who will be saved and who will not.

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Salvation by Merit

The idea that salvation is achieved through personal merit and good deeds.

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Richard Dawkins

A passionate atheist and evolutionary biologist who criticizes the literal interpretation of Genesis.

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Jean-Paul Sartre

A French philosopher who believed in individual freedom and responsibility.

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Pelagius

An advocate for free will, believing in God's justice and individuals' ability to overcome sin.

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Sigmund Freud

An Austrian neurologist who emphasized the importance of sex and sexuality in human development.

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Tabula Rasa

The belief that humans are born with a clean slate, not inherently sinful but capable of making choices.

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Prelapsarian State

The period when Adam and Eve were in a state of harmony with God, before the Fall.

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Postlapsarian State

The period of time after the Fall, characterized by sin, suffering, and a broken relationship with God.

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The Temptation of the Tree of Knowledge

The temptation to eat from the tree of knowledge of good and evil, resulting in humanity knowing good and evil, leading to sin.

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Pelagianism

The belief that human nature is fundamentally good and capable of making moral choices without divine intervention.

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Augustinianism

The belief that human nature is inherently flawed and sinful, requiring divine grace for salvation.

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Study Notes

Evaluation of Augustine's Beliefs

  • Strengths:

    • Augustine's beliefs are rooted in the Bible, particularly Genesis.
    • He emphasizes the fall of humanity and the need for grace and redemption from God.
    • His work acknowledges the reality of inherited guilt and the seriousness of sin.
    • He highlights the importance of divine intervention.
  • Weaknesses:

    • His perspective on human nature is overly pessimistic.
    • His views are outdated, contradicted by modern evolutionary biology.
    • His entire ideology relies heavily on a literal interpretation of Genesis.
    • Augustine believed that some people could be saved from original sin and restored to the pre-fall state. He argued that God's grace is responsible for their salvation. This is presented as a quote from the Bible.

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