10 Questions
Which is the commonest cause of indirect trauma leading to a ruptured eardrum?
Hand slap
What symptom is commonly associated with a ruptured eardrum due to indirect trauma?
Earache at the time of rupture
What is the recommended conservative treatment for a ruptured eardrum?
Antibiotic
What is the definition of otitic barotrauma?
Trauma due to rapid increase of atmospheric pressure
What is the middle ear pressure at rest?
Equal to atmospheric pressure
What is the main classification of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM)?
Tubotympanic disease
What type of epithelia lines the attico-antral area of the middle ear cleft?
Flat epithelia with no goblet cells
What is the characteristic feature of chronic inflammation in the mucoperiosteal lining of the middle ear cleft?
Irreversible pathological changes with discharge through perforation in the drum
What is the etiology of tubotympanic type chronic suppurative otitis media?
Sequelae of acute otitis media following exanthematous fever
What is the characteristic of areation in the tubo-tympanic area of the middle ear cleft?
Good areation with atmospheric air through Eustachian tube
Study Notes
Ventilation and Regulation of Middle Ear (ME) Pressure
- Nasopharyngeal sound pressure plays a role in regulating ME pressure
- Reflux of nasopharyngeal secretions helps to clear the middle ear
ET Function Tests
-
Valsalva Test:
- Principle: positive pressure in the nasopharynx causes air to enter the Eustachian tube (ET)
- Purpose: to assess ET function
-
Politzer Test:
- Used in children who cannot perform the Valsalva test
- Olive-shaped tip of Politzer's bag is introduced into the patient's nostril
- Other nostril is closed, and the bag is compressed while the patient swallows or says "ik, ik, ik"
- Hissing sound is heard through an auscultation tube, indicating ET function
- Can also be used therapeutically to ventilate the middle ear
Rupture of the Tympanic Membrane
- Incidence: uncommon
- Unknown reason why it is uncommon
Test your knowledge about Eustachian tube function tests, including the Valsalva test and Politzer test, used to assess the ventilation, regulation, and protective functions of the middle ear.
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