European Union Quiz

The European Economic Community (EEC) was established in 1958 by the Treaty of Rome. It aimed to promote economic cooperation and integration among its member states.

The Treaty of Maastricht, signed in 1993, marked a significant step towards political integration by creating the European Union (EU). It established shared institutions and policies, including the Euro currency.

The Lisbon Treaty, signed in 2009, reformed the EU's institutions and simplified decision-making processes, aiming to make the Union more efficient and democratic.

The EU's core values include respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law, and respect for human rights. These are fundamental principles guiding the Union's actions.

Article 49 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) outlines the process for any European state wanting to join the EU. The state needs to respect the EU's values and be committed to promoting them.

The EU's eastern enlargement in 2004 saw several countries from Central and Eastern Europe joining the Union. This event marked a significant expansion after the fall of the Iron Curtain.

The 1975 UK Referendum was the first instance where the UK public was asked whether they wanted the UK to remain in the European Union.

Brexit refers to the UK's withdrawal from the European Union. The process began with a referendum in 2016 and concluded in 2020.

In EU law when a Member State fails to implement an EU Directive into its national law within the designated timeframe.

A government change or unforeseen event, such as a crisis, that may lead to delays in implementing EU directives.

A legal procedure where a country is brought before the ECJ for failing to properly implement an EU Directive.

A directive requires Member States to implement its provisions, while they have the freedom to choose the means of implementation.

The process of incorporating the provisions of an EU Directive into national laws.

A situation where a country benefits from its own violation of a legal obligation by gaining an unfair advantage.

The legal right of an individual to seek compensation for damages caused by a state's failure to comply with EU law.

The obligation of a state to fulfill its international legal obligations, even if there are unforeseen difficulties.

An undertaking can be a legal entity, like a corporation, or a natural person, like a self-employed individual. It refers to entities engaging in economic activities.

The Freedom of Establishment applies to activities that cross borders between EU member states. It ensures that individuals or companies can set up and run businesses in other EU countries.

Government bodies and public administrations are generally excluded from the scope of the Freedom of Establishment. Their actions are subject to specific regulations.

The freedom of establishment allows individuals and companies to set up a permanent presence in another Member State, enabling them to engage in self-employment or establish companies.

The right of establishment applies to both EU nationals and companies established in the EU. However, restrictions may exist for non-EU citizens.

While the freedom of establishment doesn't directly prohibit a religious organization's profit, it focuses on the organization's economic activities. So, even if Catholic churches aren't profit-oriented, they can still be considered undertakings if they engage in economic activities.

The freedom of establishment includes the right of secondary establishment, which allows companies to set up agencies, branches, or subsidiaries in other EU member states.

The Freedom of Establishment is not absolute. Article 51 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union allows restrictions on the freedom of establishment under specific circumstances.

Any paid activity that doesn't fall under other market freedoms like free movement of goods, capital, or workers.

It means being in the same country, offering a service to someone.

A person offering services temporarily in another country.

It's the same conditions as those imposed on nationals of the host country, without discrimination.

The activity must be performed on a temporary basis, without permanence or continuity.

A person providing services does not require an establishment in the host state to offer the service.

It includes corporate bodies (public or private) and individuals, both self-employed and employees.

This concept covers both activities performed for private individuals and those executed for public authorities.

Pharmacists, due to their training and professional responsibility, operate pharmacies with a balance between profit and patient well-being.

Non-pharmacists lack the specific training, experience, and ethical obligations of pharmacists, potentially putting public health at risk by operating pharmacies.

Member states can restrict non-pharmacists from operating pharmacies to safeguard public health, as they may prioritize profits over patient safety.

Alternative measures like mandatory pharmacist presence, insurance, or strict controls may be considered to address potential risks of non-pharmacists operating pharmacies.

The potential for non-pharmacists to prioritize profit over patient safety creates concerns for Member States about the effectiveness of regulatory measures.

Insurance might compensate for harm after the fact, but it doesn't prevent the influence of non-pharmacist operators on employed pharmacists, impacting patient care.

Non-pharmacists may not respect professional independence guidelines, potentially posing a risk to public health by influencing employed pharmacists.

Protecting patient safety through measures like restricting non-pharmacists from operating pharmacies is considered crucial and justified by Member States.

The right of EU citizens to move freely between EU countries for work, study, and settlement, but can be limited for reasons of public policy, public security or public health.

A principle of EU law, established by the European Court of Justice (ECJ), that measures that 'prohibit, impede or render less attractive' the freedom of movement within the EU are prohibited. However, this principle has been slightly softened since its initial formulation in later cases.

The freedom of movement of workers applies only if a person qualifies as a ‘worker’ under EU law. This means the person must be employed and derive their income from a working relationship within the EU, regardless of nationality.

The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) stated that a minimum level of gravity must exist for a measure to be considered a restriction on the freedom of movement of workers based on the Gebhard Formula.

A principle of EU law that all Member States must treat their own nationals and nationals of other EU countries equally in relation to the freedom of movement of workers.

The ECJ case of Ms. Adoui, a French citizen who worked in Belgium in a bar, where she was denied a residence permit based on the nature of the bar, highlighted the delicate balance between the freedom of movement and public order considerations. The case led to discussions on how to apply the Gebhard Formula in situations involving public order or morality concerns.