European Monarchies Quiz (1500s-1700s)

A theory that monarchs are chosen by God to rule, giving them absolute power.

A form of government where the monarch has total power, with no limits from nobles or commoners.

The system where land ownership dictates social rank and power, often with a king at the top.

An economic policy focused on increasing national wealth and power, often through colonization and trade.

The massacre of French Protestants (Huguenots) in 1572, ordered by the Catholic queen of France.

A French Protestant who converted to Catholicism and became King Henry IV, issuing the Edict of Nantes for religious tolerance.

An edict issued by Henry IV, guaranteeing freedom of worship and political rights to Huguenots in France.

The statement by Louis XIV proclaiming his absolute power, meaning he is the state itself.

A theory that emphasizes the social contract, natural rights, and limited government, advocating for individual liberty and protection against governmental abuses.

An agreement between individuals and their government, outlining the rights and responsibilities of both parties.

Inherent rights possessed by all individuals regardless of their social status, including the right to life, liberty, and property.

A system of government where power is divided among different branches, each having specific responsibilities and limitations.

A system of checks and balances ensures that no single branch of government becomes too powerful.

The right to express one's opinions and beliefs without fear of censorship or reprisal.

Louis XIV's lavish palace built to display his power and wealth, funded by taxes.

The principle that individuals have the right to practice their religion without government interference.

The English Parliament, a legislative body that challenged the absolute power of the monarchy.

A Puritan leader who led the Parliamentarians to victory in the English Civil War and later ruled England as Lord Protector.

Cesare Beccaria's reformist ideas advocated for a justice system where punishment should fit the crime and be proportionate to the harm caused.

A document that outlined the principles of limited government, the right to trial by jury, and protection from arbitrary arrest.

A period of conflict between the English king and Parliament, fought over power and religious beliefs.

A law that protects individuals from unlawful imprisonment and ensures the right to a fair trial.

A document signed by King Charles I in 1628, guaranteeing certain rights to English citizens, like freedom from unlawful imprisonment and the right to due process.

A document that established the principle of parliamentary supremacy, individual rights, and limited monarchy.

A document that restored the monarchy to England after the death of Oliver Cromwell.

A series of laws that regulated trade and shipping between Britain and its colonies, aimed at controlling colonial economic activities and promoting mercantilism.

A bloodless revolution in England that led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy.

A document signed in 1689, guaranteeing English citizens basic rights and limiting the power of the monarchy.

A tax levied on printed materials in the colonies, sparking widespread protests and resistance.

A political philosopher who believed in a social contract and thought that people surrendered their rights to a ruler for protection.

A series of taxes levied on goods imported to the colonies, further deepening tensions with Britain.

A political philosopher who believed in natural rights and the right of revolution if a government failed to protect those rights.

A series of laws passed by the British Parliament to punish the colonies for their resistance, including the closing of Boston Harbor and increased military presence.

The ability of a government to function without the interference of the monarch or other external forces.

The movement of people from rural areas to urban centers, driven by industrialization and job opportunities.

The overall increase in wealth, comfort, and living standards for a population.

Minimum wage laws set a lowest legal hourly rate employers must pay workers.

Government-funded programs providing financial assistance and healthcare to the elderly and low-income individuals.

The extension of a nation's power over other lands, often using military superiority and economic dominance.

The desire for natural resources, new markets, and cheap labor in colonized territories.

The Edict of Nantes, issued by King Henry IV of France in 1598, aimed to establish religious peace and tolerance between Catholics and Huguenots (Protestants). It granted Huguenots freedom of worship and other rights, ending decades of religious wars in France.

The Edict of Nantes portrays Henry IV as a powerful ruler who had the authority to grant religious freedom and establish peace. It demonstrates his ability to control and shape the religious landscape of France.

The belief that one's own culture and people are superior to others.

Colonies providing raw materials, like rubber and cotton, to the mother country for manufacturing.

The Royal Gates at the Palace of Versailles served as a symbol of Louis XIV's absolute power. Their grandeur and ornate design showcased his wealth and authority. They emphasized his control over the kingdom and his position as the supreme ruler.

Bishop Bossuet used biblical passages to justify the divine right of Kings, arguing that they were chosen by God to rule. He compared Kings to God's anointed representatives with a sacred and divinely appointed authority.

Native populations forced off their land, working in unsafe conditions for low wages, leading to poverty and disease.

Bishop Bossuet's work suggests that Kings had absolute authority and were accountable only to God. There were no earthly checks or limitations on their power.

The construction of canals and railroads for efficient transportation of goods and military forces.

The portrait of Louis XIV in coronation robes emphasizes his royal status and absolute power. His regal attire, symbolic crown, and commanding pose conveyed his authority as the supreme ruler of France.

Competition among European powers for global dominance and prestige.

The belief that Europeans had a responsibility to civilize and educate non-Western societies.

The Magna Carta was a document signed by King John of England in 1215, limiting the king's power and establishing certain rights for nobles. It marked a significant step towards limited monarchy in England.

The Petition of Right, passed in 1628, restricted the king's ability to impose taxes without parliamentary approval. It further limited the monarch's power and asserted the rights of Parliament.

The process of manufacturing products in factories using machines and assembly lines.

The Habeas Corpus Act, passed in 1679, protected individuals from arbitrary arrest by ensuring they could be brought before a judge to determine the legality of their detention. It reinforced the rule of law and protected individual liberties.

The rise of a middle class with increased wages and shorter work hours.

An economy focused on the consumption of goods and services, driven by advertising and marketing.

The Glorious Revolution, a bloodless revolution in 1688, resulted in the deposition of King James II and the installation of William and Mary as monarchs. This event led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy in England.

The English Bill of Rights, passed in 1689, established key rights and liberties for English citizens, including freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and the right to a fair trial. It further limited the power of the monarchy and enshrined these fundamental rights.

The Virginia House of Burgesses, established in 1619, was the first representative assembly in the American colonies. It allowed for the colonists to participate in their own governance, setting a precedent for future self-government.

The Mayflower Compact, signed by the Pilgrims in 1620, was an agreement for self-government in Plymouth Colony. It established the principle of majority rule and consent of the governed, paving the way for democracy in the colonies.

The Pennsylvania Charter of Privileges, also known as the Charter of Liberties, granted colonists in Pennsylvania religious freedom, freedom of the press, and other rights. It promoted individual liberties and limited government power.

The Enlightenment was a period of intellectual and philosophical thought that emphasized reason, logic, and individual rights. It influenced revolutions and reforms in Europe and America.

The period of major technological advancements in Great Britain that began in the late 1700s, transforming the way goods were produced, and impacting society drastically.

The textile industry was the first to embrace industrialization, using innovations like the power loom, steam engine, and cotton gin to increase production.

The use of identical machine-made parts that make production and repair more efficient and profitable.

A production method where a product is moved from worker to worker, with each worker performing a specific task, leading to faster and cheaper production.

The mass production of goods using interchangeable parts and assembly lines, resulting in faster and cheaper production.

The displacement of skilled workers, like tailors, blacksmiths, and coopers, by factory production due to its faster and cheaper output.

A group of displaced cottage industry workers who protested against industrialization by vandalizing and destroying machines and factories.

The industrial working class consisted of displaced workers and growing populations who worked in factories and mines, including men, women, and children.

The Industrial Revolution transformed the social structure, replacing the traditional class system based on birth (royalty, nobility, and commoners) with a system based on wealth.

The Industrial Middle Class included educated factory supervisors, accountants, lawyers, and business owners who enjoyed better living conditions than the working class.

The Bourgeois or Capitalist Class were the wealthy business owners who amassed significant fortunes during the Industrial Revolution.

An economic system based on supply and demand for goods and services, with limited government involvement, where individuals and companies make exchanges voluntarily.

A combination of free market and command market beliefs, where the government owns and controls certain essential industries, like energy and healthcare.

An economic system where the government controls all means of production and decides what goods are produced and at what prices.

Workers organized into groups to collectively bargain for better wages, working conditions, and job security.

A work stoppage where workers refuse to work, often to force their employers to address demands for better pay, shorter hours, or safer working conditions.

A system of government in which power is shared between a central government and multiple state governments.

The 10th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which reserves powers not specifically delegated to the federal government to the states and the people.

The principle that the government must obey its own laws and act within the boundaries set by the Constitution.

A system of government where the people choose their representatives through elections.

The inability of the national government under the Articles of Confederation to effectively address national crises like Shays' Rebellion.

The uprising of farmers in Massachusetts in 1786 led by Daniel Shays, protesting high taxes and debt.

A system of farming where crops provide the basic needs of a family, with little to no surplus production.

Making goods in people's homes, typically involving small-scale production of textiles, candles, soap, and furniture.

Farming that aims to produce agricultural products for sale in the market rather than solely for the farmer's own use.

The practice of consolidating small farms into larger ones, often displacing peasant farmers and leading to commercial farming.

A technique where crops are rotated to replenish nutrients in the soil, improving agricultural efficiency.

A tool that plants seeds in straight rows, increasing the efficiency and yield of agricultural production.