Absolute Monarchies: Ivan IV & Louis XIV
44 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is an absolute monarchy?

A system where one king has all the power.

What is the divine right of kings?

The belief that a king's authority comes directly from God, and that he is only accountable to God.

What is absolutism?

The process by which political power was transferred to the monarchs.

What are the reasons for the rise of absolute monarchies in 16th century Europe?

<p>The divine right of kings (A), The Church's loss of power/influence (B), The nobles' loss of power/influence as the middle class rises (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Ivan the Terrible?

<p>The ruler of Russia who is famous for his brutality and tyrannical rule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Louis XIV known as?

<p>The Sun King.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Louis XIV do to strengthen his control over France?

<p>He strengthened the control of the government and stabilized France politically, economically, and socially.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who built the Palace of Versailles?

<p>King Louis XIV.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What convinced peasants and townspeople to support absolute monarchy in the mid-17th century?

<p>They were beginning to idolize the power of Louis but his rule created a poor economy and discrimination against Protestants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Louis XIV keep the nobles under his control?

<p>He weakened the power of the nobles by excluding them from his councils and making them participate in the lavish court life at Versailles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What details illustrate Louis XIV's extravagant lifestyle?

<p>Louis spent a fortune on luxury. Everything was extravagant from his meals to the entertainment he provided.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the geocentric theory?

<p>The belief that the Earth is the center of the universe and everything revolves around it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a system of government where one person has all the power?

<p>Absolute monarchy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do absolute monarchs want?

<p>Power, money, church + glory, gold.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Galileo Galilei?

<p>A scientist who used telescopes to prove the heliocentric theory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Scientific Method?

<p>A systematic and logical approach to acquiring knowledge, using observation, experimentation, and analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Scientific Revolution challenge the Catholic Church?

<p>It challenged the Church's authority by presenting new ideas and discoveries that contradicted traditional teachings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the mercury barometer/thermometer invented by Zachariah Jansen used for?

<p>To observe bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of colonies?

<p>To bring in more exports than the other colonies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Columbian Exchange?

<p>The global transfer of food, plants and animals that occurred during the colonization of the Americas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the mother country do?

<p>It controls all trade and has power over the colonies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a favorable balance of trade?

<p>An economic situation in which a country sells more goods than it buys from abroad.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did countries want to expand and trade so much?

<p>They wanted wealth, economic growth, GOLD, and power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three primary reasons for European exploration?

<p>God: spread Christianity Glory: political power, economic success Gold: build wealth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where did the system of power and privilege in the world start to become apparent?

<p>Triangular trade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Columbian Exchange turn into?

<p>Triangular Trade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Triangular trade do?

<p>The Triangular Trade brought manufactured goods to Africa, Africans were transported to the Americas, and natural resources were shipped back to Europe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Ecomienda system?

<p>A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What three methods enabled Cortes to defeat the Aztecs?

<p>Disease (A), Access to superior weapons (B), La Malinche (when neighboring tribes joined up and defeated the Aztecs because of human sacrifice) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After the Ecomienda system became outlawed, what type of labor was brought in?

<p>African slave labor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did colonial colonies export?

<p>Raw materials (gold, silver, cacao).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Hernan Cortes?

<p>The man who conquered the Aztecs, brought diseases that wiped out 90% of the native population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the social hierarchy of New Spain?

<p>Peninsulares: Spanish citizens who moved to New Spain Criollos: parents were born in Spain Mestizo + mulattoes: mix native and Spanish Indigenous people African Slaves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Dutch East India company have?

<p>Political power, made treaties, raised armies for power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Popé?

<p>He revolted against the Spanish Pueblo.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the East Indies trade and the Americans trade?

<p>The East Indies trade involved luxury goods like spices while the Americas trade involved a mix of raw materials including gold, silver, and farming materials. The East Indies trade was also focused on sea voyages while the Americas trade was concentrated in the Atlantic Ocean.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Europeans have more of?

<p>More resources and access to raw materials because of their specific area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is King Afonso?

<p>King of Congo Africa, interested in weapons, expanded kingdom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Middle Passage?

<p>A voyage that brought slaves to the Americas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Atlantic slave trade empower Europeans, people living in the Americas, and some Africans?

<p>It gave Europe and America slaves to do labor work while the Africans got more knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What detrimental changes took place in Africa as a result of the Atlantic slave trade?

<p>Population decreased, kings lost authority, letters to Portuguese king, wars and damaged soil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what three ways was the nature of slavery transformed, following contact with European merchants?

<p>Slavery became currency (A), No longer gold and raw materials (B), They wanted guns for slaves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Dutch East India Company?

<p>A company founded by the Dutch in the early 17th century to establish and direct trade throughout Asia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Dutch, and later, the British East India Company insert themselves into the South Asian economic and political systems?

<p>They created their own money, their own ports, own treaties and they were a private company and doing what a country would usually do.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Absolute Monarchy

A system where one king has all the power.

Divine right of kings

The belief that a king's authority comes directly from God, making him answerable only to God.

Absolutism

The process by which monarchs consolidated their political power, becoming absolute rulers.

Reasons for the rise of absolute monarchies

Divine right of kings, Church's loss of power/influence, Nobles loss of power/influence as middle class rises.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ivan the Terrible

A Russian Tsar known for his cruelty and paranoia, who established the secret police and massacred many Russians.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Louis XIV

The King of France who reigned from 1643 to 1715, known for strengthening the French government and building the Palace of Versailles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Louis XIV's achievements

Louis XIV strengthened control of the government, stabilized finances, and promoted social order.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Who built the Palace of Versailles?

King Louis XIV of France.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Why did people accept absolute monarchy?

The events of the mid-17th century, like Louis's actions, created a poor economy and persecution of Protestants, which persuaded people to accept absolute monarchy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How did Louis XIV control the nobles?

Louis XIV weakened the nobles by excluding them from his councils of power.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Louis XIV's extravagant lifestyle

Louis XIV indulged in extravagant spending, hosting large meals with expensive food, surrounded by luxury.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Geocentric theory

The idea that the Earth is the center of the universe.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Heliocentric theory

The idea that the Sun is the center of the universe.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Absolute Monarchy

A system of government in which one person, usually a king or queen, has absolute power over the country.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What do absolute monarchs want?

Power, wealth, church glory, and control of resources.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Galileo Galilei

An Italian astronomer who used telescopes to observe the heavens and prove the heliocentric theory.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Scientific Method

A way of investigating the natural world through observation, experimentation, and reasoning.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How did the Scientific Revolution challenge the church?

The Scientific Revolution challenged the church's authority by providing evidence that contradicted its teachings.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mercury barometer/thermometer

Invented by Zachariah Jansen, the mercury barometer and thermometer allows scientists to observe bacteria.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Goal of Colonies

Colonies are meant to bring in more exports than what they import from other countries.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Columbian Exchange

The global exchange of plants, animals, and diseases that occurred during the colonization of the Americas.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What does the mother country do?

The mother country controls all trade, political, and economic activity within the colonies.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Favorable balance of trade

A favorable balance of trade occurs when a country exports more goods than it imports from abroad.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Why did countries want to expand and trade?

Countries want to expand and trade to gain wealth, economic growth, and political power.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reasons for European Exploration

God: To spread Christianity, Glory: To gain political power and economic success, Gold: To build wealth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Where did we see the system of power and privilege in the world?

The Triangular Trade system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What did the Columbian Exchange turn into?

The Triangular Trade.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What did Triangular trade do?

The Triangular Trade involved manufactured goods from Europe being exchanged for enslaved Africans in Africa, who were then transported to the Americas to work on plantations, in exchange for raw materials

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ecomienda

A grant of land given by Spain to settlers in the Americas, giving them the right to use Native Americans as laborers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How did Cortes defeat the Aztecs?

Disease: European diseases decimated Native American populations, Superior weapons: Europeans had more advanced weaponry, La Malinche: A Native American woman who helped Cortes by translating and forming alliances against the Aztecs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What was brought in once encomienda became outlawed?

African slave labor

Signup and view all the flashcards

What did colonial colonies export?

Raw materials like gold, silver, and agricultural products like cacao.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hernan Cortes

The Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec Empire, bringing devastating diseases that wiped out a large portion of the Native population.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Social hierarchy of New Spain

Peninsulares (Spanish-born individuals), Criollos (born in America to Spanish parents), Mestizos (mixed Native American and Spanish descent), Mulattoes (mixed African and Spanish descent), Indigenous people, African slaves.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What did the Dutch East India Company have?

The Dutch East India Company had political power, made treaties, and raised armies to control trade in Asia.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Popé

A Pueblo leader who organized a revolt against Spanish rule in New Mexico in 1680.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Difference between the East Indies trade and the Americans trade

The East Indies trade focused on luxury goods like spices, while the Americas trade involved raw materials like gold, silver, and agricultural products. The East Indies trade primarily involved sea voyages, while the Americas trade was focused on the Atlantic.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What did Europeans have?

Europeans had access to more resources and raw materials due to their geographic location and exploration.

Signup and view all the flashcards

King Afonso

The King of the Congo in Africa, interested in acquiring weapons to expand his kingdom.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Middle Passage

The forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How did the Atlantic slave trade empower some groups?

The Atlantic slave trade empowered Europeans by providing them with a labor force, empowered Americans by giving them access to cheap labor, and some African leaders benefited through trade.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Detrimental changes in Africa due to the Atlantic slave trade

Population decrease due to forced labor and war, loss of authority among African kings, damage to African soil due to resource depletion and war.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How was slavery transformed after contact with Europeans?

Slavery became a commodity used as currency, instead of gold and other raw materials, European merchants sought enslaved Africans for their labor in the Americas, leading to increased demand for guns in Africa.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dutch East India Company

A Dutch company founded in the 17th century to control trade in Asia, exercising political power, establishing ports, and making treaties.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How did the Dutch and British East India Companies insert themselves?

The Dutch and British East India companies established their own currencies, ports, and treaties, creating their own systems of trade and governance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Absolute Monarchies

  • Absolute monarchy is a system where one king holds all power.
  • Divine right of kings theory asserted that kings were chosen by God and answerable only to God.
  • Absolutism describes the transfer of political authority to monarchs.
  • Factors contributing to the rise of absolute monarchies in 16th-century Europe include the decline of Church power and the weakening of nobles as the middle class gained influence.

Ivan the Terrible

  • Ivan the Terrible, a Russian Tsar, displayed both initially positive traits and later extreme cruelty.
  • He murdered his son.
  • He created a secret police force known for mass executions.
  • Ivan instilled fear through threats of violence.
  • He seized control over the Russian Orthodox Church.

Louis XIV

  • Louis XIV, the "Sun King" of France, greatly strengthened French government control.
  • He stabilized France politically, economically, and socially.

Palace of Versailles

  • King Louis XIV built the Palace of Versailles.

Peasant and Townspeople's Response to Absolute Monarchy

  • In the mid-17th century, economic hardship and actions of absolute rulers led to a loss of public confidence in absolute monarchs.
  • The extravagance of Louis XIV's rule, including a poor economy and persecution of French protestants alienated the public.

Louis XIV's Control of the Nobility

  • Louis XIV diminished the influence of nobles by distancing them from decision-making processes.

Louis XIV's Extravagant Lifestyle

  • Louis XIV surrounded himself with lavish luxury and elaborate feasts, spending lavishly.

Geocentric vs. Heliocentric Theories

  • The geocentric theory proposed that the Earth was the center of the universe.
  • The heliocentric theory posited that the Sun was the center of the solar system.

Scientific Revolution

  • The Scientific Revolution involved inductive and deductive reasoning, experimentation, and study to understand the universe.
  • Galileo Galilei used telescopes to support the heliocentric theory and enhance our understanding of the universe.

Scientific Method

  • The Scientific method employs experimentation and observation to validate or refute theories.

Church-Scientific Revolution Conflict

  • The Scientific Revolution challenged the Church's authority by providing alternative theories about the universe.

Colonial Goals

  • Colonies aimed to produce more exports than imports establishing a positive balance of trade for the mother country.

Colombian Exchange

  • The transfer of plants, animals, and food between the Americas and other parts of the world during colonization is known as the Columbian Exchange.

Mother Country's Role

  • The mother country oversaw and controlled trade and all aspects of the colonies.

Favorable Balance of Trade

  • A favorable balance of trade occurs when a country exports more than it imports.

European Exploration Motives

  • European exploration was driven by the desire for wealth (gold), glory (power and prestige), and spreading Christianity (God).

Triangular Trade

  • The Triangular Trade linked Europe, Africa, and the Americas in a system of exchanging goods, while profiting from enslaved people.

Ecomienda System

  • The Encomienda system was a grant of land in the Americas by Spain that allowed settlers to use indigenous people as laborers.

Cortes's Conquest Tactics

  • Hernán Cortés conquered the Aztecs by using disease, superior weaponry, and alliances with neighboring tribes, who were frustrated by Aztec human sacrifices.

Post-Ecomienda Labor

  • After the abolishment of the Encomienda system, African slave labor became prevalent.

Colonial Exports

  • Colonies primarily exported raw materials like precious metals, cacao, and other resources.

Hernán Cortés

  • Hernán Cortés was a Spanish conquistador who led the conquest of the Aztec Empire.

Social Hierarchy in New Spain

  • Spain's colonial society in the Americas had a strict social hierarchy with Peninsulares (Spanish citizens), Criollos (American-born Spaniards), Mestizos (mixed Indigenous and Spanish), and Mulattos (mixed African and European), Indigenous people, and African slaves at the bottom.

Dutch East India Company

  • The Dutch East India Company possessed substantial political power and economic influence in Asia.
  • The company controlled trade, raised armies, and made treaties.

Popé's Revolt

  • Popé led a revolt by the Pueblo people against the oppression of the Spanish.

East Indies vs. Americas Trade

  • East Indies trade focused on luxury goods like spices, while American trade involved raw materials like gold, silver, and agricultural products. The trade routes were different as well with different oceans used for interaction.

European Advantages in Trade

  • Europeans benefited from advantageous locations and access to more resources and raw materials.

King Afonso

  • King Afonso of Kongo was interested in weapons and expanded his kingdom.

Middle Passage

  • The Middle Passage was the forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas.

Effects of the Atlantic Slave Trade

  • The Atlantic slave trade significantly impacted Africa by causing population decline and political instability for some kings and groups; there were also detrimental effects on the soil.
  • Europeans and some Americans gained labor through slavery.

Transformations in Slavery

  • The nature of slavery changed following European contact, transforming to a system of forcibly transported Africans to work as enslaved people. This involved new economic considerations, as Europeans became interested in slaves as a source of labor, and traded this for weaponry.

Dutch East India Company Operations

  • The Dutch East India Company established trading posts, formed treaties, and maintained military power in Asia.

British East India Company Influence

  • The British East India Company assumed governmental functions (e.g., treaty making) and exerted increasing influence across much of South Asia.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

Explore the rise of absolute monarchies in Europe, focusing on influential figures such as Ivan the Terrible and Louis XIV. This quiz examines the political, social, and religious factors that shaped their reigns and the impact they had on their respective countries. Delve into the legacy of the Palace of Versailles and the concept of the divine right of kings.

More Like This

Absolute Monarchy
3 questions

Absolute Monarchy

ArtisticCarnelian avatar
ArtisticCarnelian
Absolute Monarchy Quiz
10 questions

Absolute Monarchy Quiz

WellEducatedReef avatar
WellEducatedReef
Absolute Monarchy in Europe Flashcards
10 questions

Absolute Monarchy in Europe Flashcards

QuietRubidium avatar
QuietRubidium
Unit 6: Characteristics of Absolute Monarchy
5 questions

Unit 6: Characteristics of Absolute Monarchy

InvulnerableGold2463 avatar
InvulnerableGold2463
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser