European Integration Overview

European Integration

• 1949: Formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
• 1948: Establishment of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) to coordinate Marshall aid
• 1951: Treaty of Paris established the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)
• 1957: Treaty of Rome created the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) and the European Economic Community (EEC)
• 1986: Single European Act, a crucial step toward a single internal market
• 1992: Maastricht Treaty formally created the European Union with three pillars: European Community, Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), and Justice and Home Affairs (JHA).
• Maastricht Treaty also initiated the process of creating a single European currency & economic union (EMU)

Treaty of Paris (1951)

• Created the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)
• Involved France, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg
• Initiated integration of the French and German coal and steel industries

Treaty of Rome (1957)

• Created the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM)
• Established the European Economic Community (EEC)
• Eliminated tariffs on trade among members
• Created common external tariffs

Single European Act (1986)

• Removed impediments to a single internal market
• Harmonized policies in tax, health, safety, labor, and environmental areas

Maastricht Treaty (1992)

• Created a new structure for the European Union, with three pillars
• European Community remained the core
• Involved cooperation in Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)
• Involved cooperation in Justice and Home Affairs (JHA)
• Began the process of forming a single European currency
• Led to the formation of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) by linking countries' national currencies