European Industrial Revolution and Coal Geography Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the timeframe for the transition to modern economic growth in Northwest Europe?

  • Late C17th to early C18th
  • Mid C16th to late C17th
  • Early C19th to late C19th
  • Mid C18th to mid C19th (correct)

    • When did Britain experience a decisive breakthrough in technological progress-driven economic growth?

  • Around 1800
  • Around 1850
  • Around 1700
  • Around 1750 (correct)

    • What played a central role in the Industrial Revolution prior to the adoption of new technologies?

  • Coal (correct)
  • Steam power
  • Iron
  • Textiles

    • What concept helped Britain escape the Malthusian trap?

    <p>Technological progress-driven economic growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the geographical scope of the International spread of the Industrial Revolution?

    <p>$ ext{Northwest Europe}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region was the first to embark on technological progress-driven economic growth?

    <p>$ ext{Britain}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the timeframe for the decisive breakthrough in Britain's technological progress-driven economic growth?

    <p>Around 1750</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial for modern economic growth, reflecting factors like technological progress, human capital, institutions, politics, culture, and geography?

    <p>Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What played a key role in the Industrial Revolution by facilitating permanent TFP growth?

    <p>The Scientific Revolution and its focus on generating useful knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor was influenced by the Glorious Revolution, strengthening parliament and courts, and securing property rights?

    <p>The British Industrial Revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a simple model suggest leads to more TFP growth?

    <p>$more brains$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was crucial for rising per capita incomes and demographic transition during the Industrial Revolution?

    <p>$Human capital$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which was significant in driving the Industrial Revolution's spread and impact?

    <p>$Intellectual property rights, institutions, and the role of science$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What reflected factors like technological progress, human capital, institutions, politics, culture, and geography?

    <p>Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the horsepower at British industry's disposal by 1800?

    <p>170,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the world's first iron bridge open in England?

    <p>1781</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the increase in iron production from 1700 to 1850?

    <p>Over 2,000,000 tons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What signaled the new abundance of iron?

    <p>The opening of the world's first iron bridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What facilitated the escape from Malthusian constraints?

    <p>Increase in energy and iron production independent from land area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Per capita income growth in the Solow model can come from" what?

    <p>$ ext{capital accumulation or technological progress}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drove induced innovation during the Industrial Revolution?

    <p>Expensive labor meeting cheap energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the geographical scope of the International spread of the Industrial Revolution?

    <p>Europe and North America</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the increase in iron production from 1700 to 1850?

    <p>10-fold increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What played a central role in the Industrial Revolution prior to the adoption of new technologies?

    <p>Coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept helped Britain escape the Malthusian trap?

    <p>$TFP$ growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What reflected factors like technological progress, human capital, institutions, politics, culture, and geography?

    <p>$TFP$ growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was crucial for modern economic growth, reflecting factors like technological progress, human capital, institutions, politics, culture, and geography?

    <p>Total Factor Productivity ($TFP$) growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor was influenced by the Glorious Revolution, strengthening parliament and courts, and securing property rights?

    <p>Institutional development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significant outlet for Britain's industrial produce in the late C18th?

    <p>America and Australia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the probable reason for the increase in opportunity cost of schooling during the Industrial Revolution?

    <p>Widespread child labor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Crafts (1985), what percentage of GDP increase from 1780 to 1801 can be explained by export increase?

    <p>21%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the demand curve D' represent in the context of the Industrial Revolution?

    <p>$D'$ – domestic demand + exports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Voigtländer & Voth (2006) conclude about England's role in the Industrial Revolution?

    <p>England had some good luck, but was also accident-prone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    $S'$ represents what in the context of the Industrial Revolution?

    <p>Supply after the industrial revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant factor driving technological progress during the Industrial Revolution according to McCloskey?

    <p>A culture that valued economic enterprise and innovativeness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What played an accepted part of economic life during the Industrial Revolution?

    <p>Creative destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Crafts (1977) view technological progress as?

    <p>A stochastic process with some innovation attempts being successful and others not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the increase in iron production from 1700 to 1850?

    <p>From 12,000 tons to over 2,000,000 tons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the horsepower at British industry's disposal by 1800?

    <p>170,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What signaled the new abundance of iron?

    <p>The world's first iron bridge opening in Shropshire, England</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept helped Britain escape the Malthusian trap?

    <p>Substitution of land area with mineral energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    $S'$ represents what in the context of the Industrial Revolution?

    <p>$S'$ represents technological progress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Per capita income growth in the Solow model can come from" what?

    <p>&quot;Per capita income growth in the Solow model can come from capital accumulation or technological progress&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was crucial for modern economic growth?

    <p>Technological progress and capital accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial for modern economic growth, reflecting factors like technological progress, human capital, institutions, politics, culture, and geography?

    <p>Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What played a key role in the Industrial Revolution by facilitating permanent TFP growth?

    <p>The Scientific Revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept suggests that more brains lead to more TFP growth?

    <p>Human capital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the initial spread of the Industrial Revolution shaped by in Europe?

    <p>Coal geography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influenced the British Industrial Revolution, strengthening parliament and courts, and securing property rights?

    <p>The Glorious Revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was crucial for rising per capita incomes and demographic transition during the Industrial Revolution?

    <p>Technological progress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    European Industrial Revolution and its Key Drivers

    • Railway transport in the 19th century led to the spread of the Industrial Revolution in Southern Europe and Scandinavia.
    • The initial spread of the Industrial Revolution was shaped by coal geography in Europe.
    • Modern economic growth, measured by real GDP per capita, spread across Europe, with sustained per capita GDP growth.
    • Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth is crucial for modern economic growth, reflecting factors like technological progress, human capital, institutions, politics, culture, and geography.
    • The British Industrial Revolution was influenced by the Glorious Revolution, strengthening parliament and courts, and securing property rights.
    • British interest rates caught up with Dutch rates, and the patent system likely resulted in higher TFP growth than reputation and fame alone.
    • The Scientific Revolution and its focus on generating useful knowledge played a key role in the Industrial Revolution, facilitating permanent TFP growth.
    • Human capital is crucial for modern economic growth, with a shift from slow technological progress to faster progress, leading to rising per capita incomes and demographic transition.
    • A simple model suggests that more brains lead to more TFP growth.
    • British educational attainment was low compared to European standards during the Industrial Revolution.
    • The Industrial Revolution's international spread and the deep roots of modern economic growth are important topics in economic history.
    • Intellectual property rights, institutions, and the role of science were significant in driving the Industrial Revolution's spread and impact.

    The Impact of Coal on the British Industrial Revolution

    • New technologies, such as smelting iron with coke and the Newcomen steam engine, expanded the use of coal, freeing the economy from Malthusian land constraints.
    • By 1800, British industry had 170,000 horsepower at its disposal, which increased to almost 10,000,000 horsepower by 1907, while iron production rose from 12,000 tons in 1700 to over 2,000,000 tons in 1850.
    • The map of the British Industrial Revolution closely aligns with the map of coalfields, demonstrating the central role of coal in shaping the revolution.
    • The world's first iron bridge opened in 1781 in Shropshire, England, signaling the new abundance of iron.
    • The escape from Malthus was facilitated by the increase in energy and iron production that became independent from land area.
    • The British Industrial Revolution led to induced innovation, international spread, and the deep roots of modern economic growth.
    • The modern production function allowed for the substitution of land area with mineral energy, making population increase no longer imply lower per capita income if accompanied by capital stock increase.
    • Despite a growing population, English real wage and population level showed rising incomes.
    • Per capita income growth in the Solow model can come from capital accumulation or technological progress, with sustained technological progress being necessary for sustained per capita income growth.
    • TFP growth during the British Industrial Revolution initially only applied in a few small sectors but later became more visible in aggregate data.
    • Induced innovation was driven by the expensive labor meeting cheap energy, creating a lucrative opportunity for innovators to develop coal-powered steam engines for commercial use.
    • As steam engines became more efficient, they became part of the cost-minimizing input mix in other coal-abundant regions with relatively high wages, leading to the spread of the Industrial Revolution to other coalfields in Northern France, Belgium, and Western Germany.

    European Industrial Revolution and its Key Drivers

    • Railway transport in the 19th century led to the spread of the Industrial Revolution in Southern Europe and Scandinavia.
    • The initial spread of the Industrial Revolution was shaped by coal geography in Europe.
    • Modern economic growth, measured by real GDP per capita, spread across Europe, with sustained per capita GDP growth.
    • Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth is crucial for modern economic growth, reflecting factors like technological progress, human capital, institutions, politics, culture, and geography.
    • The British Industrial Revolution was influenced by the Glorious Revolution, strengthening parliament and courts, and securing property rights.
    • British interest rates caught up with Dutch rates, and the patent system likely resulted in higher TFP growth than reputation and fame alone.
    • The Scientific Revolution and its focus on generating useful knowledge played a key role in the Industrial Revolution, facilitating permanent TFP growth.
    • Human capital is crucial for modern economic growth, with a shift from slow technological progress to faster progress, leading to rising per capita incomes and demographic transition.
    • A simple model suggests that more brains lead to more TFP growth.
    • British educational attainment was low compared to European standards during the Industrial Revolution.
    • The Industrial Revolution's international spread and the deep roots of modern economic growth are important topics in economic history.
    • Intellectual property rights, institutions, and the role of science were significant in driving the Industrial Revolution's spread and impact.

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    Lecture 3 - The Transition to Modern Economic Growth PDF

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    Test your knowledge about the relationship between coal geography and the spread of the Industrial Revolution in Europe, as well as the impact of modern economic growth. Explore the factors that shaped the initial spread of industrialization and its influence on real GDP per capita across the continent.

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