European Exploration Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What was the primary objective of the Portuguese in establishing a trading-post empire?

  • To spread the Christian faith and convert indigenous populations.
  • To control trade routes and commercial activities. (correct)
  • To discover new lands for agricultural settlements.
  • To establish colonies and expand their territorial holdings.

Which navigational strategy did Spanish mariners develop to enhance their ability to sail direct routes?

  • The dead reckoning method
  • The celestial navigation system
  • The astrolabe technique
  • The 'volta do mar' strategy

What was the main motivation for the Yongle Emperor of China's Ming Dynasty to initiate maritime explorations?

  • To discover new trade routes to Europe
  • To compete with European exploration efforts
  • To spread Chinese influence and establish tributary relationships (correct)
  • To seek refuge from internal political conflicts

Which of the following statements accurately represents China's economic status during the European Age of Exploration?

<p>China was experiencing unprecedented prosperity with commercialization, industrial advancements, and urbanization. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the East India Company?

<p>An English joint-stock company (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Portugal's early domination of trade diminished primarily because of what factor?

<p>Portugal's small size and population. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which European country achieved the greatest prosperity during the seventeenth century?

<p>The Netherlands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what century did Russia initiate its territorial expansion into northern Eurasia?

<p>Sixteenth century (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary commodity motivated Russian merchants and explorers to expand into Siberia?

<p>Furs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant long-term consequence of the Columbian exchange?

<p>Increased world population from the spread of new food crops. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Between 1500 and 1800, which group constituted the largest contingent of migrants?

<p>Hindu Indians fleeing religious persecution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

By 1750, which region had not been integrated into the global trade network dominated by Europeans?

<p>Australia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following most accurately describes a major motive prompting European overseas voyages during the Age of Exploration?

<p>Discovering new trade routes and sources of wealth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a technological advancement that facilitated European maritime exploration in the 15th and 16th centuries?

<p>Gunpowder weaponry, for naval combat. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary motivation behind Prince Henry of Portugal's sponsorship of voyages down the west African coast?

<p>To find a direct maritime route to Asia. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main geographical miscalculation that influenced Christopher Columbus's voyage?

<p>He underestimated the circumference of the Earth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the most significant outcome of Ferdinand Magellan's voyage, even though he died during the expedition?

<p>The circumnavigation of the globe, proving the Earth's size. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did the English primarily play in the exploration of the Pacific Ocean during the early period of European exploration?

<p>Mapping and charting the Pacific with scientific expeditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of Muslim merchants on European exploration?

<p>They inspired Europeans to seek new trade routes to bypass their high prices. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was the primary goal of early European explorers when seeking maritime trade routes?

<p>To find new spices and luxury good sources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage did lateen sails offer to sailors during the Age of Exploration?

<p>Improved maneuverability in crosswind situations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Volta do mar

A navigation strategy used by Spanish mariners that allowed indirect routes to improve safety and efficiency.

East India Company

A powerful joint-stock company formed by English merchants to conduct trade and exploration in Asia.

Ferdinand Magellan

An explorer whose expedition was the first to circumnavigate the globe, though he was killed in the Philippines.

Zheng He

Chinese explorer who led voyages into the Indian Ocean before European exploration, but never reached the New World.

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Ming Dynasty Exploration

Period of Chinese exploration initiated by the Yongle Emperor, featuring commerce and cultural prosperity.

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Reasons for European maritime trade routes

Major factors for Europe seeking new trade routes included dangers on the Silk Roads, high Muslim prices, European demand for spices, and spreading Christianity.

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Lateen sails advantage

Lateen sails worked better in crosswinds, providing flexibility and maneuverability during sailing.

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Astrolabe purpose

The astrolabe was primarily designed for measuring latitude.

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Conqueror of Ceuta

Henry of Portugal conquered Ceuta and sponsored voyages along the West African coast.

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Columbus's westward journey

Columbus sailed westward to reach Asia due to miscalculating the distance to Japan from the Canary Islands.

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First circumnavigation

The first successful circumnavigation of the world was completed in 1522 by Ferdinand Magellan's crew.

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Magellan's trade route

Ferdinand Magellan established a vital trade route between Mexico and the Philippines.

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Exploration of the Pacific

Most early exploration of the Pacific Ocean was predominantly carried out by the English.

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Portugal's Trade Decline

Portugal lost its dominance in trade due to several factors, including its size and population.

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Seventeenth Century Prosperity

The Netherlands was the most prosperous country in Europe during the seventeenth century.

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Russian Expansion

Russian territorial expansion into northern Eurasia began in the sixteenth century.

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Siberian Quest

Russian merchants and explorers expanded into Siberia primarily in search of furs.

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Columbian Exchange Impact

The Columbian Exchange increased world population due to the spread of new food crops.

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Migrant Demographics (1500-1800)

The largest group of migrants during this period was enslaved Africans.

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Global Trade Participation

By 1750, all regions participated in global trade, except Australia.

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European Voyages Motives

European overseas voyages were prompted by multiple motives, including economic, political, and social factors.

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Study Notes

True/False Questions

  • Spanish mariners used a strategy called the volta do mar to take direct routes; FALSE.
  • Christopher Columbus reported reaching islands near Asia to his sponsors; TRUE.
  • Ferdinand Magellan died in the Philippines and only one ship returned; TRUE.
  • Portugal sought to conquer new territories through trading posts; FALSE.
  • The East India Company was a powerful English joint-stock company; TRUE.
  • Yongle Emperor of Ming China initiated exploration of the Indian Ocean decades before major European voyages; TRUE.
  • Zheng He reached the New World before Europeans; FALSE.
  • China experienced unprecedented prosperity before major European exploration by expanding commerce, advancing industry, and increasing urbanization; TRUE.

Multiple Choice Questions

  • European exploration was not primarily motivated by:

    • desire to conquer China and India.
    • the desire to find basic resources.
    • establishing new trade routes to Asian markets.
    • desire to spread Christianity.
    • the search for lands suitable for cultivating cash crops.

  • The most influential European nation in early long-distance exploration was:

    • Portugal.

Additional Questions

  • Lateen sails were advantageous because they:

    • allowed travel faster than in the Islamic world.
    • worked well in crosswinds.
    • could be easily seen from a distance.
    • benefited from following winds.

  • The astrolabe helped to measure:

    • Latitude.

  • One reason for European interest in sea trade routes, alongside others, was:

    • the dangers and high cost of trade routes.
    • the spread of the plague.
    • Muslim merchants' high prices.
    • the demand for goods like spices.

  • The Moroccan port of Ceuta was conquered and sponsored voyages down west Africa by:

    • Portuguese explorers.

  • Christopher Columbus's voyage west was based on:

    • miscalculations of distance to Japan

  • Ferdinand Magellan's crew created a trade route between Mexico and:

    • The Philippines.

  • Early Pacific exploration was mainly led by:

    • Spanish explorers.

  • The explorer who had three voyages into the Pacific in the 18th century was:

    • James Cook.

  • Portugal's early dominance of trade diminished due to:

    • Small population size.

  • Russia’s expansion began in:

    • The 16th century.

  • The Columbian exchange’s long-term effect was:

    • increase of world population due to food spread.

  • The largest group of migrants from 1500-1800 included:

    • Enslaved Africans.

  • In the 1750s, the global trading network didn't include:

    • Australia

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