Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic Cells
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding prokaryotic cells?

  • They contain a nucleus surrounded by a double membrane.
  • They usually have more than one chromosome.
  • They multiply by fission. (correct)
  • They have membrane-bound organelles.
  • What is the primary distinction between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

  • Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus while prokaryotic cells do not. (correct)
  • Prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.
  • Eukaryotic cells lack genetic material.
  • Prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotic cells.
  • Eukaryotic cells are always unicellular.

    False

    All living organisms are made up of cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cell division do eukaryotic cells undergo?

    <p>Mitosis or meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four classes of large biological molecules found in living organisms?

    <p>Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ provides a boundary that separates the cell from its surroundings.

    <p>plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the cell types with their characteristics:

    <p>Prokaryotic Cells = Single chromosome present Eukaryotic Cells = Nucleus surrounded by a double membrane Plant Cells = Cell wall chemically simpler Animal Cells = Nucleolus is present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ is a selectively permeable boundary that surrounds a cell.

    <p>plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is primarily responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major difference in the size of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Eukaryotic cells are typically larger, ranging from 10-100μm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prokaryotic cells typically have a nucleus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nucleolus is absent in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cells combine to form __________, which are groups of similar cells that perform a specific function.

    <p>tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give an example of a prokaryotic cell.

    <p>Bacteria or archaea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of cell to its characteristic:

    <p>Prokaryotic = No nucleus and smaller size Eukaryotic = Has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic differentiates prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Nucleus presence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eukaryotic cells are generally smaller than prokaryotic cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who coined the term 'cell' and in what year?

    <p>Robert Hooke in 1665</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All cells come from ________ through cell division.

    <p>preexisting cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cell types with their characteristics:

    <p>Prokaryotic Cells = No nucleus, DNA in nucleoid Eukaryotic Cells = DNA in nucleus, membrane-bound organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common feature of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prokaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the domains that consist of prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Bacteria and Archaea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic Cells

    • Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus encased in a double membrane.
    • Prokaryotes typically have a single circular chromosome; eukaryotes contain multiple linear chromosomes.
    • Nucleolus is absent in prokaryotic cells but present in eukaryotic cells.
    • Membrane-bound organelles are absent in prokaryotic cells; eukaryotic cells have various organelles such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum.
    • Cell division in prokaryotes occurs by fission; eukaryotic division occurs via mitosis or meiosis.
    • Prokaryotic cells have complex cell walls; plant cells (eukaryotes) have simpler cell walls compared to prokaryotes.
    • Prokaryotic cells are generally unicellular, while eukaryotic cells can be unicellular or multicellular.
    • Prokaryotic cell size ranges from 1-10μm; eukaryotic cell size is typically 10-100μm.
    • Examples of prokaryotic cells include bacteria and archaea; examples of eukaryotic cells are animal and plant cells.

    Eukaryotic Cell Structure

    • Key components include the plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, nucleolus, inclusion bodies, nuclear envelope, cytoplasmic matrix, organelles, and cytoskeletal structures.
    • The plasma membrane acts as a barrier separating the cell from its external environment.

    Biological Organization

    • Life is organized hierarchically, from atoms and molecules to biospheres.
    • Levels of organization: atom, molecule, organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, biosphere.
    • Atoms form molecules through chemical bonds; biologically significant molecules include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
    • Macromolecules are large polymers formed from monomers; three polymer classes are carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids.

    Cell Theory

    • All living organisms consist of cells, which are the smallest functional units.
    • Cells arise from pre-existing cells through cell division.

    Types of Cells

    • Two primary cell types: prokaryotic and eukaryotic.
    • Prokaryotic cells are found in bacteria and archaea; eukaryotic cells are present in protists, fungi, animals, and plants.

    Prokaryotic Cell Characteristics

    • No nucleus; DNA is in a nucleoid region.
    • Absence of membrane-bound organelles.
    • Cytoplasm is enclosed by a plasma membrane.

    Eukaryotic Cell Characteristics

    • DNA is located within a membrane-bound nucleus.
    • Presence of membrane-bound organelles.
    • Generally larger than prokaryotic cells.
    • Cytoplasm exists between the plasma membrane and nucleus.

    Common Features of Both Cell Types

    • Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells share a plasma membrane, cytoplasm (cytosol), chromosomes (containing genes), and ribosomes for protein synthesis.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the fundamental differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Topics include their structures, organelles, and methods of cell division. Test your knowledge of cell biology and understand the variety of life forms at a cellular level.

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