Eukaryotic Organelles Overview

<p>Mitochondria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transport substrates away from the nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cover the body and line cavities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Keratin and Desmin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anaerobic metabolism without oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-positive bacteria have a thick cell wall composed of peptidoglycan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To carry extrachromosomal genetic material (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They start translation with methionine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of membrane-bound organelles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pyruvate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It integrates into the host genome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They create complementary DNA from RNA using reverse transcriptase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can insert or remove themselves from the genome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>S phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They regulate the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The control center of the eukaryotic cell, containing DNA organized into chromosomes. It is enclosed by a nuclear membrane with pores, and is the site of transcription (DNA to mRNA).

A cellular structure responsible for protein synthesis. In eukaryotes, ribosomes consist of two subunits: 40S and 60S.

Powerhouse of the cell, responsible for energy production through ATP synthesis. Its inner membrane folds into cristae and contains enzymes for the electron transport chain.

Cellular organelles containing hydrolytic enzymes that break down various substrates. They can trigger autolysis (self-destruction) of the cell.

A network of interconnected membranes involved in lipid synthesis and protein modification. There are two types: rough ER (RER) and smooth ER (SER).

Stacked membrane-bound sacs that modify, package, and direct cellular products to their specific locations.

Thin protein filaments composed of actin, providing structural support, enabling muscle contraction, and forming the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis (cell division).

Hollow tubes made of tubulin, acting as tracks for motor proteins (kinesin and dynein), forming the structure of cilia and flagella, and organizing microtubules in the mitotic spindle during cell division.

Unicellular organisms lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, with a single circular chromosome. They reproduce through binary fission.

Bacteria with a thick cell wall composed of peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid, staining purple in Gram staining.

Bacteria with a thin cell wall composed of peptidoglycan and an outer membrane containing phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides, staining pink-red in Gram staining.

Bacteria that require oxygen for their metabolism and cannot survive without it.

Bacteria that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen and use anaerobic metabolism.

Bacteria that can survive with or without oxygen, switching between metabolic processes.

Bacteria that can survive in the presence of oxygen but use anaerobic metabolism.

Process where bacteria acquire genetic material from the environment and incorporate it into their genome.

Transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another through a conjugation bridge, typically mediated by sex pili.

Transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another via a bacteriophage vector.

The cycle in which a virus replicates within a host cell, producing new virions until the cell lyses.

The cycle where the virus integrates into the host genome as a provirus or prophage, replicating alongside the cell.

Infectious proteins that trigger misfolding of other proteins, leading to decreased solubility and increased resistance to degradation.

Plant pathogens that are small circles of complementary RNA, capable of turning off genes.

Prokaryotes similar to bacteria in many ways but also share some traits with eukaryotes.