Cell Organelles and Functions

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Which organelle is responsible for packaging proteins into vesicles for transport out of the cell?

Lysosome
Golgi apparatus (correct)
Mitochondria
Vesicle

The cell wall is present in all eukaryotic cells.

False (B)

What is the primary function of lysosomes within a cell?

break down cell waste and toxins

The organelle responsible for ATP production is the ______.

mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organelles with their primary functions:

Lysosome = Breaks down waste Golgi apparatus = Packages proteins Mitochondria = ATP production Chloroplast = Photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is present in animal cells but absent in plant cells?

Centrioles (B) Signup and view all the answers

Both plant and animal cells contain a nucleus and ribosomes.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the large central vacuole in a plant cell, that is not found in animal cells?

Maintaining turgor pressure Signup and view all the answers

The organelle responsible for photosynthesis, which is present in plant cells but not animal cells, is the ________.

chloroplast Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organelles with their primary functions in either plant or animal cells:

Mitochondrion = ATP (energy) Production Golgi Apparatus = Protein modification and sorting Cell Membrane = Regulating entry and exit of substances Lysosome = Waste Breakdown Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and is characterized by a membranous network of sacs without ribosomes?

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) (A) Signup and view all the answers

The nucleus, responsible for ribosome production, is surrounded by a single membrane.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ribosomes?

protein production Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is a membrane-bound sac primarily used for water/solution storage and maintaining plant cell structure.

vacuole Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios exemplifies a situation where the FIFO (First-In, First-Out) inventory costing method would most accurately reflect the actual flow of goods?

A grocery store selling produce, where the oldest items are intentionally placed at the front for customers to select first. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Using the weighted-average cost method during periods of rising prices will typically result in a higher cost of goods sold compared to the FIFO method.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

A company switches from LIFO to FIFO inventory valuation method. What impact would this change likely have on its reported net income during a period of inflation, and why?

Net income would likely increase because FIFO assigns lower costs to the cost of goods sold during inflation. Signup and view all the answers

The inventory valuation method that assumes the last units purchased are the first ones sold is known as ______.

LIFO Signup and view all the answers

Match each inventory costing method with its potential impact on income taxes during a period of rising prices.

FIFO = Results in higher taxable income LIFO = Potentially results in lower taxable income Weighted-Average = Results in taxable income between FIFO and LIFO Signup and view all the answers

Why is a high surface area to volume ratio important for cells?

It maximizes the exchange of nutrients and waste with the environment, supporting higher metabolic rates. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Larger cells inherently have a proportionally larger surface area of plasma membrane to support their increased metabolic needs.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Describe how to calculate the surface area to volume ratio of a cell.

First, calculate the surface area of the cell. Then, calculate the volume of the cell. Finally, divide the surface area by the volume to obtain the ratio. Signup and view all the answers

The plasma membrane is primarily composed of phospholipids, cholesterol, and ______.

proteins Signup and view all the answers

Match the components of the plasma membrane with their properties:

Phospholipid Head = Hydrophilic Phospholipid Tail = Hydrophobic Plasma membrane functions = controls movement of substances in and out of cell. Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the plasma membrane is primarily responsible for regulating its fluidity?

Cholesterol (C) Signup and view all the answers

The plasma membrane is completely impermeable, allowing no substances to pass through it.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Explain why the plasma membrane is referred to as a 'mosaic'.

The plasma membrane is described as a 'mosaic' because it consists of various macromolecules, such as phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, arranged together in a diverse pattern, similar to the tiles in a mosaic. Signup and view all the answers

__________ are responsible for cell-cell adhesion and signal transmission in the plasma membrane.

Glycoproteins Signup and view all the answers

Match each component of the plasma membrane with its primary function:

Phospholipids = Form the basic structure of the bilayer Channel Proteins = Assist in the transport of large molecules across the membrane Glycoproteins = Involved in cell-cell adhesion and receiving signals Cholesterol = Regulates the fluidity of the membrane Signup and view all the answers

A cell membrane is permeable to oxygen but not to glucose. Which transport mechanism will primarily facilitate oxygen movement across the membrane?

Simple diffusion (A) Signup and view all the answers

Facilitated diffusion requires energy input from the cell to transport molecules across the membrane.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the hydrophobic nature of the cell membrane's lipid bilayer affects the movement of polar molecules across it.

The hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer repels polar molecules, hindering their direct passage. Polar molecules need the assistance of transport proteins to cross the membrane. Signup and view all the answers

The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to low water concentration is called _______.

osmosis Signup and view all the answers

Match each transport type with the molecule best associated with it:

Diffusion = Carbon Dioxide Facilitated diffusion = Glucose Osmosis = Water Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of ATP in active transport?

To provide the energy required for conformational changes in transport proteins. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Active transport moves substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Describe the 'conformational change' step in active transport and its significance.

The conformational change involves the transport protein altering its shape, powered by ATP hydrolysis, to facilitate the movement of the molecule across the membrane. Signup and view all the answers

In active transport, molecules bind to a specific ______ which then undergoes a conformational change.

protein Signup and view all the answers

Match the transport type with its description.

Active Transport = Movement against the concentration gradient, requiring energy. Bulk Transport = Transport of large molecules via endocytosis or exocytosis. Binding = The target molecule connects to a specific protein Conformational Change = Protein pumps open and close to push molecules through Signup and view all the answers

Mitochondrion

Powerhouse of the cell; site of cellular respiration, producing ATP.

Golgi Apparatus

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport.