Eukaryotic Mitosis and Cell Division
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for a multinucleated cell generated from multiple nuclear divisions without cytokinesis?

  • Diploid genome
  • Chromosomes
  • Syncytium
  • Coenocyte (correct)

During which phase of the cell cycle is the replication of the genome essential?

  • Mitosis
  • Cytokinesis
  • G0 phase
  • Interphase (correct)

What is the result of chromosomes condensing after genomic DNA duplication?

  • Each duplicated chromosome condenses into two sister chromatids (correct)
  • Chromosomes condense into single chromatids
  • Sister chromatids separate
  • Chromosomes duplicated

What is the phase of the cell cycle where the cell is not dividing?

<p>G0 phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of nuclear division that gives rise to multinucleated cells?

<p>Mitotic nuclear division (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

<p>To maintain the diploid chromosome number in somatic cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of mitosis and cytokinesis in eukaryotic cells?

<p>Two genetically identical daughter cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of mitosis is characterized by the condensation of chromosomes and the breakdown of the nuclear envelope?

<p>Prophase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cytokinesis in cell division?

<p>To divide the cytoplasm into daughter cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of mitosis in eukaryotic cells that distinguishes it from prokaryotic cell division?

<p>Presence of a nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the Prophase stage of mitosis?

<p>The DNA condenses into chromosomes, and duplicated chromosomes appear as sister chromatids. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Metaphase stage of mitosis?

<p>To align sister chromatids along the metaphase plate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the Anaphase stage of mitosis?

<p>Sister chromatids separate from each other. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the Telophase stage of mitosis?

<p>The nuclear envelope reforms, and chromatin uncoils. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Cytokinesis in mitosis?

<p>To generate two daughter cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the condensation of chromosomes during prophase?

<p>To enable the sister chromatids to be easily identified and separated (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of mitosis do the sister chromatids align at the center of the cell?

<p>Metaphase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during anaphase of mitosis?

<p>The sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of telophase during mitosis?

<p>To form a nuclear envelope around each set of chromosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final stage of the cell division process in eukaryotic cells?

<p>Cytokinesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of meiosis I does chromatin condensation occur?

<p>Prophase I (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during metaphase I of meiosis?

<p>Homologous chromosomes align at the center of the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of meiosis I do sister chromatids separate?

<p>Anaphase I (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during telophase I of meiosis?

<p>Homologous chromosomes separate into 2 daughter cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What follows telophase II in meiosis?

<p>Cytokinesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage of meiosis II where the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell?

<p>Anaphase II (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of meiosis II do the chromosomes align at the center of the cell?

<p>Metaphase II (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage of meiosis II where the nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes?

<p>Telophase II (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the cytoplasm of the cell divides and the cell splits into two daughter cells?

<p>Cytokinesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of meiosis II do the chromosomes condense and become visible as distinct structures?

<p>Prophase II (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main contributor to genetic diversity during meiosis?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of possible chromosome combinations in gametes dependent on?

<p>Haploid number of chromosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process involves the exchange of chromosomal segments between non-sister chromatids?

<p>Crossing-over (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of random fertilization of male and female gametes?

<p>Increased genetic diversity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many possible gamete combinations are possible in humans?

<p>8,388,608 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of independent assortment of chromosomes in meiosis?

<p>To increase genetic diversity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of crossing-over during meiosis?

<p>Genetic recombination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the number of possible gamete combinations relate to the haploid number of chromosomes?

<p>It is 2 to the power of the haploid number (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of meiosis in generating genetic diversity?

<p>It increases genetic diversity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of crossing-over on genetic diversity?

<p>It increases genetic diversity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the condensation of chromosomes during prophase?

<p>To enable the proper alignment of chromosomes during metaphase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of metaphase during mitosis?

<p>To align chromosomes at the center of the cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell?

<p>Anaphase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of telophase during mitosis?

<p>To reform the nuclear envelope (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cytokinesis in cell division?

<p>To divide the cytoplasm and separate the cell into two daughter cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down?

<p>Prophase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of metaphase in mitosis?

<p>Alignment of sister chromatids at the center of the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell?

<p>Anaphase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during telophase of mitosis?

<p>Nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cytokinesis in cell division?

<p>Division of the cytoplasm and cell splitting into two daughter cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of mitosis do the sister chromatids appear as identical copies of a chromosome joined at a centromere?

<p>Prophase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Metaphase in mitosis?

<p>Alignment of sister chromatids at the center of the cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of mitosis does the nuclear envelope break down?

<p>Prophase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during Telophase of mitosis?

<p>Decondensation of chromosomes and reformation of the nuclear envelope (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Cytokinesis in cell division?

<p>Division of the cytoplasm and formation of two daughter cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during Prophase I of meiosis?

<p>Chromatin condensation and spindle fibre formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of meiosis do homologous chromosomes align at the center of the cell?

<p>Metaphase I (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during Anaphase I of meiosis?

<p>Homologous chromosomes separate into two daughter cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of meiosis does the nuclear envelope reform around each set of chromosomes?

<p>Telophase II (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of cytokinesis in meiosis?

<p>Four haploid cells with unique genetic material (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of meiosis II do the sister chromatids condense and become visible as distinct structures?

<p>Prophase II (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the Metaphase stage of meiosis?

<p>Sister chromatids align at the center of the cell. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Anaphase during meiosis?

<p>Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of meiosis does the nuclear envelope reform around each set of chromosomes?

<p>Telophase II (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Cytokinesis in cell division?

<p>The process by which the cytoplasm of the cell divides and the cell splits into two daughter cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the arrangement of chromosomes at metaphase I?

<p>The independent assortment of chromosomes into gametes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis?

<p>An increase in genetic diversity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of meiosis is characterized by the exchange of chromosomal segments between non-sister chromatids?

<p>Prophase I (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the process of fertilization?

<p>A random combination of chromosomes in the zygote (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the haploid number of chromosomes and the number of possible gamete combinations?

<p>The number of possible gamete combinations is equal to 2 raised to the power of the haploid number of chromosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of crossing-over during meiosis?

<p>An increase in genetic diversity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of meiosis do the chromosomes align at the center of the cell?

<p>Metaphase I (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during anaphase I of meiosis?

<p>Non-sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of meiosis do the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell?

<p>Anaphase II (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final stage of the cell division process in eukaryotic cells?

<p>Cytokinesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of mitosis do the sister chromatids condense and become visible as distinct structures?

<p>Prophase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of metaphase in mitosis?

<p>To align sister chromatids at the center of the cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during anaphase of mitosis?

<p>Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of telophase in mitosis?

<p>To reform the nuclear envelope (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the cytoplasm of the cell divides and the cell splits into two daughter cells?

<p>Cytokinesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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