109 Questions
What is the primary way fungi obtain their nutrients?
By absorbing nutrients from their external environment
What is the main component of the fungal cell wall?
Chitin
What is the term for fungi that obtain their nutrients from dead organic matter?
Saprophytes
What is the characteristic of fungal growth temperature?
It grows between 2-20°C
What is the term for the ability of some fungi to grow in different forms depending on environmental conditions?
Dimorphism
What is the primary characteristic of unicellular fungi (yeasts)?
They usually form multicellular colonies
What is the characteristic of fungal movement?
They are never motile
What is the characteristic of the body structures of multicellular fungi?
They have multicellular filaments
What percentage of known fungal species are parasites or pathogens?
30%
Which of the following fungi causes skin and ear infections, bronchitis, and pneumonia?
Mucor
What is the primary effect of Aflatoxin B1 on the liver?
Liver cancer
Which of the following fungi is known to infect cereals such as rye?
Claviceps purpurea
What is the primary effect of ergotamine on humans?
Psychotropic effects
Which of the following fungi is known to produce toxic compounds that can cause hallucinations and temporary insanity?
Claviceps purpurea
What is the characteristic structure of Basidiomycetes?
A club-like structure
What is the function of the basidia in Basidiomycetes?
To produce sexual spores
What is the primary effect of Amanita phalloides on humans?
Poisoning
What type of fungi does Aspergillus flavus belong to?
Ascomycetes
What is the role of fungi in nutrient recycling?
To break down complex molecules into smaller organic compounds
What is the type of relationship between fungi and plants in mycorrhizae?
Mutualistic
What is the characteristic of lichens?
A symbiotic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic microorganism
What is the function of enzymes produced by fungi as decomposers?
To break down complex molecules into smaller organic compounds
What is the term for the fruiting body of Basidiomycetes?
Basidiocarp
What is the ecological role of fungi as decomposers?
To maintain ecological balance
What is the term used to describe molds and yeasts?
Deuteromycetes
What is the function of zygosporangia in Zygomycetes?
To contain sexually produced spores
What is the name of the common mold that is a food decomposer?
Penicillium
What is the term used to describe the Opisthokonts clade?
A group of animals and their protist relatives
What is the name of the phylum that includes black bread mold?
Zygomycota
What is the function of aerial hyphae in Zygomycetes?
To provide structural support to the mycelium
What is the term used to describe the spores produced by Chytrids?
Zoospores
What is the approximate number of species in the phylum Ascomycetes?
65,000
What is the main function of the fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the production of bread?
Producing CO2 for fermentation
What is the antibiotic produced by Penicillium griseofulvum?
Griseofulvin
Which fungal phylum is characterized by the formation of arbuscular mycorrhizae with plants?
Glomeromycota
What is the disease caused by the fungus Amanita phalloides?
Mushroom food poisoning
Which fungal group does the fungus Aspergillus flavus belong to?
Ascomycota
What is the purpose of the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum in the production of antibiotic?
Producing penicillin
Which fungal phylum do mushrooms belong to?
Basidiomycota
What is the disease caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum?
Histoplasmosis
What is the name of the supergroup that includes fungi, animals, and their protist relatives?
Opisthokonts
What is the term for the spores produced by fungi that are similar to conidia?
Zoospores
How many species of fungi are estimated to belong to the phylum Ascomycetes?
65,000 species
What is the characteristic structure of Zygomycetes that allows them to survive under unfavourable conditions?
Zygosporangia
Which type of fungi is commonly known as a food decomposer?
Penicillium
What is the term for the type of fungi that includes black bread mold?
Zygomycetes
What is the name of the fungus that undergoes budding?
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
What is the primary function of the haustoria in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi?
To penetrate the cell walls of root cells
What is the type of mycorrhizal relationship formed by Glomeromycetes?
Arbuscular
What is the characteristic feature of Ascomycetes reproduction?
Production of both conidia and ascospores
What is the function of the ascocarps in Ascomycetes?
To contain the spore-producing structures
What is the characteristic of the relationship between Glomeromycetes and plant roots?
Mutualistic
What is the type of structure produced by Ascomycetes for asexual reproduction?
Conidiophores
What is the function of the fungal hypha in arbuscular mycorrhizal relationships?
To penetrate the cell walls of root cells
What is the primary characteristic of Glomeromycetes?
Formation of arbuscular mycorrhizae
What percentage of known fungal species are parasites or pathogens?
30%
What type of fungus is Mucor?
Zygomycete
What is the toxin produced by Aspergillus flavus that can cause liver cancer?
Aflatoxin B1
Which fungus is known to infect cereals such as rye and produce ergotamine?
Claviceps purpurea
What is the effect of Aflatoxin B1 on the liver?
It causes liver cancer
Which fungus is known to produce toxic compounds that can cause hallucinations and temporary insanity?
Claviceps purpurea
What is the characteristic of pathogenic fungi that infect plants?
They produce mycotoxins
What is the primary function of enzymes produced by fungi as decomposers?
To break down complex molecules into smaller organic compounds
Which fungus is known to cause bronchitis and pneumonia?
Mucor
What is the characteristic of lichens?
A symbiotic association between a fungus and a bacterium
What is the role of fungi in nutrient recycling?
To maintain ecological balance by recycling nutrients
What is the characteristic of Basidiomycetes?
They have a club-like structure called a basidium
What is the primary role of basidia in Basidiomycetes?
To produce sexual spores (basidiospores)
What is the type of relationship between fungi and plants in mycorrhizae?
Mutualistic
What is the primary function of fungi as decomposers?
To break down complex molecules into smaller organic compounds
What is the characteristic of fungal growth?
They can grow in a wide range of environments
What is the effect of α-amanitin on eukaryotic cells?
Inhibits eukaryotic RNA pol II
What is the main characteristic of opportunistic mycoses?
Caused by fungi that are part of our normal flora
What is the term for fungal infections of hair, nails, and skin?
Superficial mycoses
What is the cause of ringworm and athlete's foot?
Trichophyton and Epidermophyton
What is the term for fungal infections that spread through the bloodstream?
Systemic mycoses
What is the effect of phalloidin on F-actin?
Inhibits F-actin polymerisation
What is the characteristic of chromomycosis?
Caused by fungi Hormodendrum pedrosoi and Phialophora verrucosa
What is the cause of candidiasis?
Yeast Candida albicans
What is the function of septa in fungal hyphae?
To divide the hypha into cells, allowing for cell-to-cell movement of organelles
What is the term for the fusion of cytoplasm from two parent mycelia during sexual reproduction?
Plasmogamy
What is the term for the mycelium that contains haploid nuclei from each parent, which do not fuse right away?
Heterokaryon
How do fungi reproduce asexually?
By producing haploid spores through mitosis
What is the term for the spore-producing structures in multicellular fungi?
Sporangia
What is the process by which spores grow back into vegetative cells under favorable conditions?
Germination
What is the main function of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in their mutualistic relationship with plants?
To deliver phosphate ions and minerals to plants
What is the characteristic of the spore-producing structures in Ascomycetes?
They produce both conidia and ascospores
What is the name of the phylum that includes fungi that form arbuscular mycorrhizae?
Glomeromycota
What is the function of the specialized hyphae called haustoria in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi?
To penetrate plant cell walls
What is the name of the fruiting body of Ascomycetes that contains the spore-producing structures?
Ascocarp
What is the term for the mutually beneficial relationship between fungi and plant roots?
Mycorrhizae
What is the name of the phylum that includes fungi such as black bread mold?
Zygomycota
What is the characteristic of fungal hyphae?
They are long, branching filaments
Which of the following is a characteristic of Chytrids?
They produce flagellated spores
What is the name of the supergroup that includes fungi, animals, and their protist relatives?
Unikonts
What is the term for the type of fungi that includes molds and yeasts?
Deuteromycetes
What is the function of zygosporangia in Zygomycetes?
To produce spores by sexual reproduction
What is the primary effect of aflatoxin B1 on the liver?
Cancer due to p53 mutations
What is the common feature of pathogenic Zygomycetes?
Causing skin and ear infections, bronchitis, and pneumonia
What is the role of Claviceps purpurea?
Producing ergotamine and lysergic acid
What is the characteristic of Amanita phalloides?
Containing lethal toxins
What percentage of known fungal species are parasites or pathogens?
30%
What is the effect of ergotamine and lysergic acid on humans?
Psychotropic effects
Which fungus is used to produce an antibiotic that inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus?
Penicillium chrysogenum
What is the characteristic of the fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae in relation to food production?
It produces enzymes used for alcohol fermentation and is also used as baking yeast
Which fungal phylum is characterized by the production of sexual spores (ascospores) produced internally in sacs called asci?
Ascomycota
What is the disease caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum?
Histoplasmosis
Which fungus is used to produce insulin-like growth factor (IGF) through genetic engineering?
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
What is the characteristic of the fungus Penicillium griseofulvum?
It produces griseofulvin
Test your knowledge on fungi, a type of eukaryotic microorganisms. This quiz covers characteristics of fungi, including their types, habitats, and nutritional habits. Are you ready to explore the fascinating world of fungi?
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