30 Questions
What is the purpose of capping during transcription initiation?
To enhance the stability of the RNA molecule
What is the primary function of proteins binding to DNA during transcription initiation?
To recognize specific sequences of 6-8 base pairs
What is the role of RNA polymerase II during transcription?
To synthesize the RNA molecule
How do proteins recognize specific DNA sequences?
Through hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic, or electrostatic interactions
What is the purpose of 3' end processing during transcription?
To add a poly(A) tail to the RNA molecule
What is the result of transcription initiation?
The recruitment of RNA polymerase II
What is the primary function of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) in the assembly of the Pre-Initiation Complex (PIC)?
To unwind DNA and bring different elements of the promoter together
What is the role of TFIID in the assembly of the Pre-Initiation Complex (PIC)?
To deliver TBP to DNA and facilitate PIC assembly
What is the purpose of TFIIA in the assembly of the Pre-Initiation Complex (PIC)?
To displace Taf1 and allow TBP to bind DNA
What is the consequence of Taf1 binding to DNA?
TBP is inhibited from binding to DNA
What is the distance between TBP and TFIID during PIC assembly?
32 bp
What is the function of INR and DPE in the assembly of the Pre-Initiation Complex (PIC)?
To bind TFIID and deliver TBP to DNA
What is the function of Phospho-CTD in transcription and processing of Eukaryotic genes?
To act as a sorting-tool and landing pad for RNA polymerase
What is the function of the enzyme guanylyltransferase in RNA capping?
To add a guanosine cap to the 5' end of the RNA
What is the result of removing introns from the RNA transcript?
The formation of a mature RNA molecule
What is the function of the RNA triphosphatase enzyme?
To remove a triphosphate group from the 5' end of the RNA
What is the role of the CTD in transcription and processing of Eukaryotic genes?
To act as a platform for the recruitment of RNA processing factors
What is the function of the enzymes involved in RNA capping?
To add a guanosine cap to the 5' end of the RNA
What is the primary function of TBP binding to the DNA?
To recruit polymerase
What is the purpose of torsional strain introduced by TBP, TFIIE, and IIB?
To help XPB from TFIIH to unwind DNA
What is the characteristic of TFIIA and TBP?
They are modular and can be positioned by more than one factor
What is the difference between transcription on naked DNA and chromatin context?
More TFs are required for transcription in chromatin context
What is the role of XPB from TFIIH?
To unwind DNA
What is the percentage of genes that lack a TATA box?
86%
What is the purpose of the exonuclease in the transcription and processing of eukaryotic genes?
To eat the RNA and help polymerase get off the template
What sequence is typically found at the end of a human gene?
AAUAAA
What is the function of the distal poly(A) signal?
To carry the UGUA sequence
What is the characteristic feature of the CPA-complex in yeast and humans?
High conservation of the complex structure
What is the primary function of the poly(A) signal?
To recognize and cleave the RNA transcript
What is the characteristic feature of the poly(A) signal sequence in mammalian genes?
It is highly conserved across mammalian genes
Test your knowledge on the transcription and processing of eukaryotic genes, including the role of RNA in gene expression, RNA polymerase II, and the initiation to termination of coding genes.
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