Eukaryotic Cell Structure Quiz

<p>Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nuclear lamina (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing a scaffold for the cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phase contrast microscopy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Differential centrifugation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sharper images of the specimen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cutting into sections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cilia move in an oar-like motion and are shorter than flagella. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell contraction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digestion and waste processing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microtubules. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contains a matrix and cristae with circular mtDNA. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uptake of water by osmosis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondrion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digesting cellular waste. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthesize proteins for secretion, plasma membrane, or organelles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Free ribosome proteins function in cytosol and organelles, while bound ribosome proteins are for export or membrane embedding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modify, package, and transport proteins and lipids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Break down fatty acids and toxic compounds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To degrade polymers into monomeric subunits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can degrade fatty acids and toxic compounds but not nucleic acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has distinct cis and trans faces that process proteins differently (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Catalase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Golgi apparatus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins and rRNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RNA synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondrion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nuclear lamina (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Production of ATP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing structural support for the cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deconvolution fluorescence microscopy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nuclei (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phase contrast microscopy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Equilibrium density-gradient centrifugation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintaining cell shape and facilitating movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cilia and flagella (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aerobic cellular respiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They function as storage sites for ions and nutrients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microtubules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microfilaments are polymers of actin, while microtubules are polymers of tubulin. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vesicles are always involved in lysosomal function. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They act as the main structural component. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are meant for export or embedding in membranes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chaperones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Free ribosome proteins are generally for use within the cell. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Degradation of cellular waste and damaged organelles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rough ER → Golgi → lysosome → plasma membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By adding carbohydrate groups through glycosylation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Degradation of fatty acids and toxic compounds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has a low pH of approximately 4.8. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>40S and 60S (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Golgi Apparatus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Largest organelle in animal cells, containing most of the cell's DNA, surrounded by a double membrane.

A single-membrane organelle with an extensive network of sacs, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane.

Part of the ER, lacking ribosomes, involved in calcium storage, glycogen metabolism, and lipid synthesis.

Plasma membrane (outer boundary), internal membranes/organelles, and cytoskeleton (internal structure).

The nucleus controls the cell's activities because it holds the DNA, which directs protein synthesis (and hence virtually all cellular activities).

The indentation of the cell membrane that forms during cytokinesis to divide the cytoplasm.

A method to separate different cell components based on size and density. Grind, centrifuge, and separate.

Cell fractionation technique using varying centrifugal speeds to separate cellular components based on size and density.

A technique that separates components in a gradient based on density differences.

A basic type of microscopy that uses light to view specimens.

The endomembrane system includes the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum membranes, Golgi apparatus, vesicles, and lysosomes. These organelles work together to modify, package, and transport proteins and lipids within the cell.

Mitochondria have two membranes (outer and inner). The inner membrane folds into cristae, creating a larger surface area for cellular respiration. The matrix is the space within the inner membrane.

Mitochondria are the site of aerobic cellular respiration, where energy is produced for the cell. This is a critical energy-producing process.

Membranous sacs involved in storage, transport, (endocytosis and exocytosis) and other roles. Plant vacuoles are large sacs for storage or water uptake.

The cytoskeleton is a network of protein fibers (microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments) that gives the cell its shape, structure, allows movement, and facilitates internal transport.

Microtubules are involved in cell division (chromosome movement), movement of intracellular components (vesicles), and form structures like cilia and flagella.

Whip-like projections from the cell that are used for movement. Short cilia move in an oar-like motion; longer flagella move in whip-like motions.

Microfilaments, made of actin, play a role in cell contraction, like muscle cells, and other cellular movements.

Initial processing of proteins destined for export, plasma membrane, or other organelles like ER, Golgi, and lysosomes.

Site of protein synthesis (translation) using rRNA and proteins.

Bound ribosomes synthesize proteins for export, plasma membrane, or organelles, while free ribosomes synthesize proteins for cytosolic use or other organelles.

Post-office of the cell; modifies, sorts, and packages proteins received from the ER for delivery to other locations.

Movement of proteins synthesized by bound ribosomes, through the rough ER, Golgi, and vesicles leading to destinations like plasma membrane or lysosomes.

Digestive/recycling system of the cell; contains hydrolytic enzymes that break down cellular waste and debris.

Degrades fatty acids and other toxic compounds using oxidases; also breaks down H2O2 using catalase.

A group of organelles and membranes in eukaryotic cells responsible for modifying, packing and transporting proteins and lipids.

Newly formed proteins often require assistance to fold correctly, supported by chaperones in the ER lumen.

Golgi apparatus has different sides (cis and trans faces) with specialized functions.

The ER lumen is continuous with the inter-membrane space of the nucleus, creating a connected internal space within the cell.

The smooth ER performs various functions including calcium storage, glycogen metabolism, and lipid synthesis.

Rough ER is studded with ribosomes, involved in protein synthesis, while Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and performs other functions like lipid synthesis and calcium storage.

Eukaryotic cells are made up of three major components: Plasma Membrane, Internal Membranes & Organelles, and Cytoskeleton.

Free ribosomes synthesize proteins for use within the cytosol, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes. Bound ribosomes synthesize proteins for export, membrane embedding, or delivery to other organelles.

Proteins made on bound ribosomes will be sent to the ER lumen for further processing and folding, then packaged into vesicles and sent to their final destination, which could be outside the cell or another organelle.

Proteins received from the ER undergo modification and sorting in different Golgi compartments, depending on their final destination. For example, they might be glycosylated (sugars added) or have other modifications.

Proteins synthesized by bound ribosomes travel through the rough ER for initial processing, then to the Golgi apparatus for further modification and packaging before being transported by vesicles to their final destination, which may include lysosomes for degradation.

A network of protein fibers that provides structural support, facilitates movement, and anchors cellular components.

Polymers of α and β tubulin that form long, hollow tubes essential for cell division, intracellular transport, and cilia/flagella structure.

Polymers of actin that are thinner and more flexible, playing roles in cell contraction and other movements.

The indentation of the cell membrane that forms during cytokinesis, ultimately dividing the cytoplasm into two daughter cells. This process is driven by the contraction of a ring of microfilaments, often made of actin.

The directed flow of cytoplasm within a cell, often driven by the movement of microfilaments or microtubules. This movement helps distribute nutrients, organelles, and other essential materials throughout the cell.

Intermediate filaments provide structural support and mechanical strength to cells, helping maintain cell shape and anchoring organelles. They also play a role in forming the nuclear lamina, a mesh-like structure lining the inner surface of the nuclear membrane.

A type of microscopy that enhances the contrast of transparent specimens by converting differences in refractive index into differences in brightness, allowing visualization of details in live cells without staining.

A specialized fluorescence microscopy technique that uses lasers and pinholes to create sharper images of thick specimens by reducing blurring and focusing on a single plane at a time.