Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Function Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic that distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

Presence of a membrane-bound nucleus (correct)

Lack of plasma membrane

Presence of carbohydrates in the cytoplasm

Absence of nucleic acids

What is the role of plasma membrane in a cell?

Provides structural support

Stores genetic information

Serves as a selectively permeable membrane barrier (correct)

Produces chemical energy

According to the cell theory, what do all organisms consist of?

Plasma membrane

Tissues

Organs

Cells (correct)

What are the main components that all cells have?

Proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the endosymbiotic theory in explaining the existence of eukaryotic cells?

It explains the origin of eukaryotic cell organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a distinctive feature of prokaryotic cells?

Presence of at least one chromosome Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?

They are used for protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of the cytoskeleton in prokaryotic cells?

Essential for cell division Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary structural component of the cell wall in bacteria?

Polysaccharide peptidoglycan Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of organelle compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells?

Separation of incompatible chemical reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells?

Protein and lipid synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Site of protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cell wall in fungi, algae, and plants?

Provides durable outer layer and structural support to the cell Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cytoskeleton serves as highways that motor proteins drag organelles across?

Microtubules Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of actin filaments in cell movement?

Causing bulges in the plasma membrane during cell crawling Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for producing energy in the cell?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vacuoles in eukaryotic cells?

Storage of materials and waste Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells lack a cell wall and are supported by extracellular matrix (ECM)?

Animal cells Signup and view all the answers

What are the long fibers that radiate throughout the cell to resist tension?

Intermediate filaments Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cytoskeleton forms a dense mesh under the nuclear envelope?

Intermediate filaments Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nuclear lamins?

Defines shape of nucleus and stabilizes envelope Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle processes, sorts, and ships proteins synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Golgi apparatus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in a eukaryotic cell?

Recycling centers with enzymes for breaking down macromolecules Signup and view all the answers

What can result from a genetic defect affecting lysosomal enzymes in a eukaryotic cell?

Lysosomal storage diseases Signup and view all the answers

What comprises the endomembrane system in a eukaryotic cell?

ER, Golgi, and lysosomes Signup and view all the answers

What directs proteins to their specific organelles in a eukaryotic cell?

Specific amino acid sequences (zip codes) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of mitochondria in a eukaryotic cell?

Supplying ATP to cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vacuoles in plant and fungal cells?

Serve storage and structural support functions Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Function

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) manufactures proteins with various fates
Proteins made on RER are folded, processed, and can have diverse functions
Golgi apparatus processes, sorts, and ships proteins synthesized in the RER
Vesicles transport materials to and from the Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes are recycling centers with enzymes for breaking down macromolecules
Mutation in a gene for an acid hydrolase protein can disrupt lysosomal function
Lysosomal storage diseases result from genetic defects affecting lysosomal enzymes
The endomembrane system comprises the ER, Golgi, and lysosomes
Proteins have specific amino acid sequences (zip codes) for directing them to their organelles
Mitochondria supply ATP to cells and have their own DNA and ribosomes
Chloroplasts in plant and algal cells perform photosynthesis and have their own DNA
Vacuoles in plant and fungal cells serve storage and structural support functions

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Description

Test your knowledge of eukaryotic cell structure and function with this quiz. Explore the roles of organelles like the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Learn about the endomembrane system, protein targeting, and the functions of vacuoles in plant and fungal cells.