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Questions and Answers
What is a key characteristic that distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
What is a key characteristic that distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
- Presence of a membrane-bound nucleus (correct)
- Lack of plasma membrane
- Presence of carbohydrates in the cytoplasm
- Absence of nucleic acids
What is the role of plasma membrane in a cell?
What is the role of plasma membrane in a cell?
- Provides structural support
- Stores genetic information
- Serves as a selectively permeable membrane barrier (correct)
- Produces chemical energy
According to the cell theory, what do all organisms consist of?
According to the cell theory, what do all organisms consist of?
- Plasma membrane
- Tissues
- Organs
- Cells (correct)
What are the main components that all cells have?
What are the main components that all cells have?
What is the significance of the endosymbiotic theory in explaining the existence of eukaryotic cells?
What is the significance of the endosymbiotic theory in explaining the existence of eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following is a distinctive feature of prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following is a distinctive feature of prokaryotic cells?
What is a characteristic of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?
What is a characteristic of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?
What is a function of the cytoskeleton in prokaryotic cells?
What is a function of the cytoskeleton in prokaryotic cells?
What is the primary structural component of the cell wall in bacteria?
What is the primary structural component of the cell wall in bacteria?
What is a benefit of organelle compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells?
What is a benefit of organelle compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells?
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells?
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells?
What is a characteristic of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?
What is a characteristic of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?
What is the function of the cell wall in fungi, algae, and plants?
What is the function of the cell wall in fungi, algae, and plants?
Which component of the cytoskeleton serves as highways that motor proteins drag organelles across?
Which component of the cytoskeleton serves as highways that motor proteins drag organelles across?
What is the function of actin filaments in cell movement?
What is the function of actin filaments in cell movement?
Which organelle is responsible for producing energy in the cell?
Which organelle is responsible for producing energy in the cell?
What is the primary function of vacuoles in eukaryotic cells?
What is the primary function of vacuoles in eukaryotic cells?
Which type of cells lack a cell wall and are supported by extracellular matrix (ECM)?
Which type of cells lack a cell wall and are supported by extracellular matrix (ECM)?
What are the long fibers that radiate throughout the cell to resist tension?
What are the long fibers that radiate throughout the cell to resist tension?
Which component of the cytoskeleton forms a dense mesh under the nuclear envelope?
Which component of the cytoskeleton forms a dense mesh under the nuclear envelope?
What is the function of the nuclear lamins?
What is the function of the nuclear lamins?
Which organelle processes, sorts, and ships proteins synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
Which organelle processes, sorts, and ships proteins synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
What is the function of lysosomes in a eukaryotic cell?
What is the function of lysosomes in a eukaryotic cell?
What can result from a genetic defect affecting lysosomal enzymes in a eukaryotic cell?
What can result from a genetic defect affecting lysosomal enzymes in a eukaryotic cell?
What comprises the endomembrane system in a eukaryotic cell?
What comprises the endomembrane system in a eukaryotic cell?
What directs proteins to their specific organelles in a eukaryotic cell?
What directs proteins to their specific organelles in a eukaryotic cell?
What is the function of mitochondria in a eukaryotic cell?
What is the function of mitochondria in a eukaryotic cell?
What is the primary function of vacuoles in plant and fungal cells?
What is the primary function of vacuoles in plant and fungal cells?
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Study Notes
Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Function
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) manufactures proteins with various fates
- Proteins made on RER are folded, processed, and can have diverse functions
- Golgi apparatus processes, sorts, and ships proteins synthesized in the RER
- Vesicles transport materials to and from the Golgi apparatus
- Lysosomes are recycling centers with enzymes for breaking down macromolecules
- Mutation in a gene for an acid hydrolase protein can disrupt lysosomal function
- Lysosomal storage diseases result from genetic defects affecting lysosomal enzymes
- The endomembrane system comprises the ER, Golgi, and lysosomes
- Proteins have specific amino acid sequences (zip codes) for directing them to their organelles
- Mitochondria supply ATP to cells and have their own DNA and ribosomes
- Chloroplasts in plant and algal cells perform photosynthesis and have their own DNA
- Vacuoles in plant and fungal cells serve storage and structural support functions
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