Eukaryotic Cell Labeling Quiz

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles

• Nuclear Envelope
  Double membrane enclosing the nucleus, controlling the passage of materials in and out.

• Nucleus
  Membrane-bound organelle containing genetic material (DNA), serving as the control center of the cell.

• Chromatin
  Form of DNA within the nucleus, organized into thread-like structures, important for gene expression and DNA replication.

• Ribosomes
  RNA and protein complexes responsible for protein synthesis; can be found free in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

• Golgi Apparatus
  Stacked membrane-bound structures involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

• Lysosome
  Membrane-bound vesicles containing digestive enzymes for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris.

• Mitochondria
  Powerhouses of the cell, generating ATP through cellular respiration; contain their own DNA and double membrane.

• Peroxisome
  Organelles involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and detoxifying harmful substances such as hydrogen peroxide.

• Microvilli
  Projections from the cell surface that increase surface area for absorption; commonly found in intestinal cells.

• Microtubules
  Hollow tubes made of tubulin proteins; provide structural support, facilitate intracellular transport, and are essential for cell division.

• Intermediate Filaments
  Stable, rope-like structures that provide mechanical strength to cells and help maintain their shape.

• Microfilaments
  Fine, thread-like structures composed of actin; involved in muscle contraction, cell movement, and maintaining cell shape.

• Cytoskeleton
  Dynamic network of fibers (microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments) that provides structural support and plays a role in intracellular transport.

• Centrosome
  Organizing center for microtubules and essential for cell division; contains two centrioles positioned perpendicularly.

• Flagellum
  Long, whip-like structure enabling cell movement; comprised of microtubules and found in various types of cells, like sperm.

• Rough ER
  Endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes, involved in the synthesis and processing of proteins.

• Smooth ER
  Lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis, metabolism, and detoxification of drugs and poisons.

• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
  Network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis; consists of both rough and smooth ER.

• Plasma Membrane
  Lipid bilayer surrounding the cell; regulates the movement of substances in and out, maintaining homeostasis.