24 Questions
What is the function of the stigma in Euglena sp.?
The stigma is a light sensitive structure (primitive eye) that proves useful for a mobile, photosynthetic organism.
What is the purpose of the contractile vacuoles in Euglena sp.?
Contractile vacuoles pump water to the outside.
What is the pellicle in Euglena sp.?
The pellicle is a membrane outside the cell membrane that provides support and flexibility.
What is the function of cilia in Paramecium caudatum?
Cilia are used for movement.
What is the purpose of the oral groove in Paramecium caudatum?
The oral groove is involved in feeding.
What is the difference between the macronucleus and micronucleus in Paramecium caudatum?
The macronucleus is involved in cellular functions, while the micronucleus is involved in reproduction.
What is the function of the cytostome in Euglena sp.?
The cytostome is a primitive mouth used for feeding.
How do Euglena sp. and Paramecium caudatum differ in terms of locomotion?
Euglena sp. moves using a flagellum, while Paramecium caudatum moves using cilia.
What is the mode of motion used by the protozoan responsible for causing Amoebiasis in humans?
Pseudopodia
Which type of protozoan has a flagella as its mode of locomotion and is responsible for causing Trichomoniasis?
Trichomonas vaginalis
What is the mode of locomotion used by the protozoan responsible for causing Balantidiasis?
Cilia
Which protozoan class is characterized by the presence of pseudopodia as its mode of locomotion?
Sarcodina
What is the name of the genus that includes the protozoan responsible for causing Malaria?
Plasmodium
What is the name of the subkingdom that includes protozoa?
Protozoa
Which type of protozoan has cilia as its mode of locomotion and is commonly referred to as paramecia?
Paramecium caudatum
What is the kingdom that includes protozoa?
Protista
What is the function of contractile vacuoles in Amoeba proteus?
To collect water and pump it to the outside to prevent the protozoan from swelling and bursting.
What is the locomotor organelle in Euglena sp.?
A single whip-like flagellum.
What is the significance of chloroplasts in Euglena sp.?
They enable photosynthesis, making Euglena autotrophic.
What is the difference between the living and preserved Euglena sp.?
The living Euglena has a green coloration due to chlorophyll, whereas the preserved Euglena does not.
What is the function of food vacuoles in Amoeba proteus?
To collect and digest food.
What is the characteristic shape of Amoeba proteus?
Variable, amoeboid shape.
What is the role of the cytoplasm in Euglena sp.?
It supports the movement of the flagellum and the function of organelles like chloroplasts.
What is the main difference between heterotrophic and autotrophic modes of nutrition?
Heterotrophs consume food, while autotrophs produce their own food through photosynthesis.
Study Notes
Cellular Structure
- The nucleus is the control center of the cell and contains the majority of the cell's DNA.
- The nucleus stains deeply, making it easily identifiable.
- The stigma is a light-sensitive structure, similar to a primitive eye, which helps mobile and photosynthetic organisms.
Euglena sp.
- Euglena sp. has a cytostome (primitive mouth) for feeding.
- Contractile vacuoles pump water to the outside, similar to Amoebas.
- The pellicle is a membrane outside the cell membrane that provides support and flexibility.
- Euglena sp. has a single whip-like flagellum, making it a flagellate.
- Euglena sp. has numerous chloroplasts, allowing it to perform photosynthesis and making it both heterotrophic and autotrophic.
Paramecium caudatum
- Paramecium caudatum is a large protozoan that moves efficiently using coordinated cilia.
- It has a macronucleus and micronucleus, contractile vacuoles, oral groove, food vacuoles, and a pellicle.
- The pellicle provides support and flexibility, and the cilia provide movement.
Human Diseases Caused by Protozoans
- Amoebiasis is caused by Entamoeba histolytica and is transmitted through water and food.
- Giardiasis is caused by Giardia lamblia and is transmitted through water and contact.
- Trichomoniasis is caused by Trichomonas vaginalis and is transmitted through sexual contact.
- African Sleeping Sickness is caused by Trypanosoma brucei and is transmitted through the Tsetse fly.
- Balantidiasis is caused by Balantidium coli and is transmitted through food and water.
- Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii and is transmitted through domestic cats and food.
- Malaria is caused by Plasmodium sp. and is transmitted through the Anopheles mosquito.
Protozoan Classification
- Kingdom: Protista
- Subkingdom: Protozoa
- Phylum: Sarcomastigophora (amoebas and flagellates) and Ciliophora (ciliates)
- Subphylum: Mastigophora (flagellates) and Sarcodina (amoebas)
- Genus: Euglena, Amoeba, Paramecium
Amoeba
- Amoeba has food vacuoles, which collect and digest food.
- Contractile vacuoles collect water and pump it to the outside to prevent the cell from bursting.
- Amoeba moves using ameoboid motion.
This quiz covers the structure and components of Euglena sp. cells, including the nucleus, stigma, and chloroplasts.
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