Etika dan Tamadun: Kerangka Asas

• After studying this topic, students will be able to explain the framework for understanding ethics and civilization, and analyze ethics and civilization from the perspective of individuals, families, communities, and the nation.

Introduction

• Ethics and civilization are crucial in any society, but the degree of appreciation varies and is influenced by historical developments, social structures, and biographies of the community concerned.
• The understanding and appreciation of ethics and civilization in Malaysia can be illustrated and understood according to the 'Malaysian mold' based on the timeline of its historical evolution.
• The timeline includes the Pre-colonial Era (traditions, customs, and rituals), the Colonial-Modern Era (ethics, ethos, and etiquette), and the Post-colonial Era (a combination of modern ethics - traditions, customs, rituals, ethics, ethos, etiquette).
• Modern ethics were introduced and implemented during the European colonial era, whereas in the pre-colonial era, the concept of 'adab' and 'adat' (customs, traditions, and rituals) were part of the ethical framework, supporting the system of governance, traditional society, and civilization.
• The fusion of traditional and modern ethics is woven into the Malaysian mold during the post-colonial era.
• Emphasis on 'appreciation' invites focus on the ideas, processes, and practices of ethics and civilization in Malaysian society, both past and present.

Introduction to Ethics and Civilization

• As humans, we are born, grow, and live through formal and informal learning.
• Humans are created by God with the ability to learn in various ways such as listening, seeing, thinking, and finally manifesting in behavior to live life every day from birth until death.
• Mastering ethics and appreciating civilization is very important for us to learn, listen, see, think and behave as a good human being.
• Comprehending ethics and civilization allows us to recognize the origins of manners, customs, and traditions inherited from previous generations.
• Simultaneously, it symbolizes the personality and identity of a nation even as the world enters the era of globalization and information technology advancement.
• Ethics and civilization are two different things, but both are closely related when discussing the emergence and glory of a civilization.
• Understanding the meaning or definition of these two concepts is important for one to understand more clearly the matters that will be discussed in the following topics.

Manners (Adab)

• According to the Second Edition Student Dictionary, manners refer to fine character, good behavior, and courtesy.
• Lack of manners refers to not knowing customs or being less polite.
• Being mannered means having good manners and being courteous.
• A mannered person will not raise their voice when talking to their parents, and also refers to a state where the level of life has advanced, the system and stage of social development of a nation, and the social and cultural progress of a nation.

Customs and Traditions (Adat Resam)

• Customs and traditions are customs, procedures, and practices that are common to an ethnic group in the country.
• Malay, Chinese, Indian, Sikh, Siamese, Sabah and Sarawak Bumiputeras all have their own customs.
• Understanding, mastering, and appreciating our customs and traditions is a must so that we can live well in our ethnic community.
• Understanding the customs of other ethnic groups is also good so that we can respect and maintain relationships between individuals, families, and communities well, especially since we cannot avoid dealing with all communities in this country every day.
• Examples of customs and traditions are related to marriage such as courtship, engagement, wedding ceremonies, and so on.

Protocols (Adat Istiadat)

• Protocols are forms of regulations that are followed with discipline and care.
• Usually practiced in formal ceremonies involving high-level protocols.
• These include step-by-step measures that symbolize that our country actually has its own civilization that has been inherited and needs to be respected by all parties, whether we are born here, live permanently, or come to work in this country.
• An example is the Coronation Ceremony of His Majesty the Yang Di-Pertuan Agong.

Ethics

• Ethics comes from the Greek word "ethos" which means law, customs, habits, and character.
• In short, ethics are moral principles, behavior, ethics and discipline accepted by a community.
• The terms Ethics, Ethos and Etiquette refer to the same concept related to manners, customs and traditions.
• However, these terms came and were brought by the colonial and remained in the post-colonial or modern era.
• These terms are often used in the context of organizations or institutions.
• If we understand the timeline of its existence, we will know that it is something that we experience in everyday life as a culture of society or organization and we cannot avoid it.
• The concept of ethics in today's modern context looks at good moral principles and values, inherent in ourselves and manifested in our behavior without being told.

Ethos

• Ethos is a term to describe the characteristics of a nation.
• It contains the identity and personality of a person.
• In Malaysia, the concept of National Ethos is a concept that explains the National Ethos of the Malaysian Nation.
• This concept was clearly expressed in Tun Dr.
• Mahathir Mohamad in 1992 to show the characteristics of a united Malaysian nation by 2020.
• This concept is related to the attachment of collective national emotions to shared social history, accepting integration pillars and platforms in the constitution, and supporting Governance and Development that guarantees unity, stability and people's well-being.
• This national collective emotional attachment builds loyalty and love for the country to the point of giving birth to a spirit of patriotism and nationalism that transcends ethnic, religious and regional boundaries.

Etiquette

• Etiquette is a modern term similar to customs (traditional term).
• Today, this concept is often used in the context of organizations or institutions to show procedures, regulations related to institutional etiquette protocols to show procedures, regulations related to protocols and social etiquette in events.

Timeline of Ethics and Civilization Based on Pre-colonial, Colonial and Post-colonial Eras

• Before the arrival of colonialism, ethics already existed in society which was called manners, customs and traditions.
• The migration process in the Malay Archipelago and outside the Malay Archipelago made manners, customs, and traditions mixed due to the borrowing process and woven into society.

Pre-Colonial

• The time when the country was not yet known as Malaysia and had not been colonized.
• Ethics has been manifested in behavior and daily life, formal or informal, referred to as manners, customs and traditions.

Colonial

• The time when our country was colonized.
• Ethics was brought in the form of dress, speech, administration, mastery and others.
• Ways of eating, giving salutations.

Post-Colonial

• It is a modern era.
• Society has received variations and mixtures of ethical versions directly or through technology.
• This mixture of ethical values exists in the formal and informal settings of our lives.
• Our worry is that our character, behavior and courtesy is deteriorating due to our failure to learn and appreciate the ethics and civilization of our country.

Framework for Analyzing Ethics and Civilization in the Malaysian Context Through History, Social Structure and Biography

• According to sociologist C. Wright Mills, to understand the formation of a society, it needs to be seen based on the concept of "sociological imagination" which is research based on three important components namely History, Social Structure, and Biography.

History

• In the context of sociology, history is a collection of past events and experiences that are interlinked involving individuals, families and communities within society.
• Examining history means looking back at our origins in this country.
• Are we native people or are we part of the migration process in the Malay realm or migration from Chinese, Indian, Arab, European civilizations and so on.
• How was this country formed into a country?

Social Structure

• Social structure in terms of language is the social system.
• Meanwhile, in terms of sociology, it is the relationship that is built and woven in a society that functions to drive the dynamics of society.
• Understanding the layers of our social structure will enable us to appreciate our ethics and civilization that has been built and is happening in our country and in the future.

Biography

• Biography in terms of language is the life story or story of a person.
• From a sociological point of view, biography is the phenomenon of social structure and historical processes that shape the experiences of individuals, families, communities within society and vice versa, it can also shape social structure and historical processes.
• Understanding how a biography is formed by the history and social system of our country will enable us to know who we are now and the biographies of people who are important to our country.
• Appreciating our biography from birth until now, how he lives his life, how he has been formed is the result of our personal history and the social structure that forms us.

Appreciation of Ethics and Civilization by Level - Individual, Family, Community and Society (Local and Global)

• A good appreciation of ethics and civilization must start from the small level to the greater level.
• Individuals, families and communities are the basic social structure of a society.

Individual

• Each individual has a different concept of ethics and civilization according to their respective perspectives.
• It depends on the basic principles and values practiced by that individual.
• However, the priority for individuals is, the basic principles and values that become the hold of that life are able to help an individual become a useful guide in the way of thinking, speaking and behaving well.
• In addition, with ethics, individuals can control an action when dealing with other individuals, society, the environment, animals or their relationship with God Almighty.

Family

• Ethics in the family are ethics that have been arranged and practiced within the family members.
• Ethical values ​​not only play an important role in the social aspect but are also important in the psychological and socio-cultural aspects because they aim to improve and shape the behavior of an individual within a family.
• Among the ethics that exist in a family are such as how to respect older people, how to interact politely and how to behave and treat the elderly, guests and even between family members.
• Usually, ethics are often planned to be passed down in a family in order to strengthen the generations that are ethical and create high personality in various noble values.
• Without ethics in the family, family life will definitely be overwhelmed with various problems and then there will be division among family members.

Community and Society

• Ethics and civilization are also important in a community and society to create a harmonious atmosphere.
• With ethics in the community and society, it is able to improve a positive work culture and quality productivity with the establishment of a code of ethics in a community to guide members in the community to carry out activities perfectly and regularly.
• The code of ethics is an important alternative in practicing ethics in an organization or community.

Appreciation of Ethics and Civilization According to the Context of Society, Nation and Market

• The formation of a country's civilization can be seen based on the biography of the society, country and market of that country, namely:

Society

• Society is very important and influential in determining the personality and identity of a society.
• In the context of Malaysia, its society is known by foreign countries because of its unique culture, attitude of tolerance and cooperation shown by every layer of society.
• This attitude will guarantee and maintain peace, harmony and social welfare so that chaos or upheaval can be avoided.
• This will not only benefit the Malay community but also the entire community in Malaysia, including the Chinese, Indian, Kadazan and others.
• Thus, good behavior shown by other communities can give awareness so that they always behave well even though they come from different nations.

Nation

• The concept of ethics and civilization in the context of the country can be seen through the Malaysian Constitution which is the highest law and contains all the basic matters of legislation that serve as a guide to all Malaysians.
• The concept of ethics and civilization is also contained in the Rukun Negara, the fifth principle, Courtesy and Morality.
• To produce Malaysians who are ethical and of noble character, a program was launched for the first time in 2005, the 'Semarak Budi Bahasa Budaya Kita' campaign.
• This campaign has been held every year with the same goal, which is to nurture the appreciation and practice of pure cultural values ​​among the various races in Malaysia.
• In addition to ethics, laws are also very important in all matters, from the smallest to the largest.
• Laws are the main pillar for every country to produce more disciplined people and can make the government of a country more organized and systematic.

Market

• The biography of an ethical and well-civilized society will form and place the country in a good and respected position.
• The biography of a good country will enable economic matters involving the market to grow rapidly.
• For example, the Malaysian society is rich in manners and customs, so the government and The Malaysian Handicraft Association must organize an event that has exhibitions and several interesting activities such as demonstrations of handicrafts from each state.
• Through this method, tourists will see more cultures and customs when they visit Malaysia, and it will help promote Malaysia as a major destination in the tourism sector.

Conclusion

• Ethics and civilization are very important in a society, but the level of appreciation varies and is influenced by historical developments, social structure and community biography concerned.
• The appreciation of ethics and civilization in Malaysia can be described and understood according to the 'Malaysian mold' based on the timeline of its historical evolution.
• In this regard, the understanding of ethics and civilization must be understood in depth because it is an important concept to be adapted in everyday life.
• Therefore, deepening the knowledge about ethics and civilization will be able to guide people to identify what ethics need to be practiced to become cultured and civilized human beings.