Ethnobotany in India - Overview

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Questions and Answers

What primary focus does ethnobotany have in relation to tribal and rural communities?

  • Analyzing the impact of modern technology on plant use.
  • The study of agricultural practices exclusively.
  • Recording unique knowledge about plant wealth and herbal resources. (correct)
  • Promoting the cultivation of exotic plant species.

Which characteristic of India supports extensive ethnobotanical research?

  • The absence of documentation on ancient plant uses.
  • A lack of biodiversity across regions.
  • Isolation of various tribes from modern influences. (correct)
  • A homogenous culture prevalent throughout the country.

What makes the Indian subcontinent particularly significant for ethnobotanical studies?

  • It is devoid of modern influences and technology.
  • It has no historical documents related to plant use.
  • It only has a limited number of resident tribes with uniform practices.
  • It encompasses both arid and tropical ecosystems supporting rich flora. (correct)

What promotes the resurgence of interest in ethnobotanical research in India?

<p>Increased documentation and academic interest in plant uses. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the title under which the papers from the seminars on ethnobotany were compiled?

<p>Glimpses of Indian Ethnobotany (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the ethnobotanical continuum found in ancient texts allow researchers to do?

<p>Directly connect contemporary practices to historical cultures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which areas of India are tribal populations known for their distinct cultural practices?

<p>Central India, Western Ghats, and the Himalayas. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following regions has NOT been mentioned as a site for ethnobotanical studies?

<p>Himachal Pradesh (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of ethnobotany encompasses various disciplines. Which of the following is NOT typically included?

<p>Economics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how many plants have been recorded for various uses in ethnobotany?

<p>Two thousand (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one role of ethnobotany in the context of indigenous knowledge?

<p>To document and study the uses of plant resources by native cultures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What purpose does the Indian Institute of Ecology & Environment aim to achieve with the proposed herbarium?

<p>To authenticate information and record specimens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tribes is associated with ethnobotanical studies mentioned in the content?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been a significant outcome of the studies on ethnobotany mentioned in the content?

<p>Discovery of unknown plant uses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is ethnobotany sometimes misinterpreted according to the content?

<p>As merely noting folk medical uses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a category of plant use in ethnobotany?

<p>Automotive (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was initiated by Dr. E.K. Janaki Ammai in the Botanical Survey of India?

<p>Research on subsistence food plants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which institution proposed an All India project on Ethnobotany in 1974?

<p>National Botanical Research Institute (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following regions in India is known for having as many as fourteen distinct subtribes?

<p>Nagaland (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant development in the field of ethnobotany occurred during the last two decades?

<p>Initiation of ethnobotanical work at various institutions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main outcomes triggered by the early publications from the Botanical Survey of India in the 1960s?

<p>Increased ethnobotanical activity in other centers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following institutions did NOT participate in the All India project on Ethnobotany?

<p>Indian Council of Agricultural Research (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following disciplines recognized ethnobotany for doctoral and post-doctoral work?

<p>Botany (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the formal project on Ethnobotany begin its operations?

<p>1982 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary method is used in ethnobotany to collect information from local informants?

<p>Field work (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common challenge faced in identifying plants from ancient literature?

<p>Lack of proper description or illustration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which example illustrates the difficulty in identifying ancient plants?

<p>Soma's multiple plant species attribution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of literature is suggested as a valuable resource for ethnobotanical research?

<p>Ancient or unnoticed literature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one piece of information that field work in ethnobotany typically focuses on collecting?

<p>Plant parts used and their preparation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage do herbarium sheets provide in ethnobotanical research?

<p>They provide verification of plant species data. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the study of ethnobotany, the term 'voucher specimens' refers to what?

<p>Specimens collected for future reference (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding local names of plants is true?

<p>They can vary significantly across regions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of ethnobotanical data compared to other literature?

<p>It is attached to actual plant specimens. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which herbarium enumerated sixty five species of medicinal plants?

<p>Indian Museum BSIS (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of ethnobotany involves studying archaeological remains?

<p>Plant usage over time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who made significant attempts to describe plants depicted in ancient architectures in India?

<p>Sithole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes sacred groves in the context of ethnobotany?

<p>They represent ancient nature conservation practices. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was emphasized as a traditional practice in India that relates to ethnobotany?

<p>Nature conservation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of ethnobotany beyond recording plant species?

<p>Addressing plant conservation and protection. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following aspects is NOT commonly associated with ethnobotanical studies?

<p>Identification of plant diseases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant reason for the preservation of sacred forests in India?

<p>They are protected due to religious beliefs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do sacred groves play in relation to biological diversity?

<p>They help preserve biological diversity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following plants is used as a condiment in the Khasi hills?

<p>Piper peeploides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant is primarily grown by Mizo tribals for its oil seeds and edible kernel?

<p>Hodgsonia heteroclita (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about ethnobotanical studies is true?

<p>They reveal germplasm stocks of cultivated plants. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of the fruits of Alangium salviifolium?

<p>To prevent and cure eye diseases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition does Asparagus racemosus treat when prescribed as a drink?

<p>Urinary disorders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do the tribal pockets in forests cultivate various vegetable crops?

<p>To represent distinct genetic stocks adapted to local conditions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ethnobotany

The study of plants' uses by different cultures, including medicinal and edible plants, and their relationship with local people.

Indian Ethnobotany

The study of plants' uses in Indian cultures, particularly among tribal communities.

Multidisciplinary Study

A study involving different fields of knowledge (plant science, history, anthropology, culture, etc.).

Tribal Areas (India)

Regions in India inhabited by indigenous communities with unique cultures and traditions, often having extensive knowledge of local plants.

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Ethnobotanical Wealth

The rich store of knowledge about plants' uses and properties held by different cultures, particularly valuable for discovering new resources and conservation.

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Vedas

Ancient Indian scriptures containing many references to plant knowledge and medicinal plants.

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Central India, Western Ghats, Himalayas

Regions in India with high diversity of tribal communities and extensive plant life, valuable for ethnobotanical research.

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Ethnobotany in India

The study of the relationship between people and plants in India, specifically how different cultures use plants for food, medicine, and other purposes.

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Organized Ethnobotanical Work

Systematic field studies and research on the relationship between specific groups of people and plants, especially those native to a particular area.

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Botanical Survey of India

A government organization in India responsible for conducting botanical studies and surveys, including ethnobotanical research.

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Dr. E.K. Janaki Ammal

A prominent figure in early ethnobotanical research in India, particularly in documenting the uses of plants amongst certain tribal groups.

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All-India Project on Ethnobotany

A comprehensive research initiative led by NBRI aimed to study the rich ethnobotanical knowledge across India.

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Ethnobotany as a field

The scientific study of the relationships between people and plants, particularly focusing on how different cultures use plants for various purposes.

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Nagaland Tribes

Fourteen distinct tribal groups residing in Nagaland, having unique relationships with plants, but not yet adequately studied.

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Subsistence Food Plants

Plants used as a primary source of sustenance for a population or community.

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National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI)

An Indian institute dedicated to research related to plants, including ethnobotany.

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Indian Ethnobotany

The study of the relationship between indigenous people and plants in India, encompassing various uses like medicine, food, and culture.

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Ethnobotanical Studies

Research into the traditional knowledge and uses of plants by local communities.

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Glimpses of Indian Ethnobotany

A compiled collection of papers on ethnobotany in India.

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Medicinal Plants

Plants used in traditional medicine practices by local communities.

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Herbarium

A collection of preserved plant specimens for study and reference.

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Voucher Specimens

Physical plant samples collected to support claims and establish authenticity.

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Ethnobotanical Research Methodologies

Procedures and strategies for conducting ethnobotanical research.

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Folklore & Taboos

Traditional beliefs and customs relating to plants, medicinal use, or other practices.

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Symposium

A meeting or series of meetings for the advancement of a particular topic or subject.

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Ethnobotany

The study of the relationship between people and plants, often focusing on how plants are used by different cultures.

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Herbarium

A collection of preserved plant specimens, often used for identification and research.

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First-hand data

Information directly connected to an observed event or specimen, such as an actual plant sample.

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Plant identification

Determining the specific type of plant.

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Archaeological remains

Ancient items or relics, including plant parts, used to learn about past plant use.

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Sacred groves

Protected areas of land, often forests, that are considered sacred by a community and often used to protect biodiversity.

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Plant conservation

Protecting plant species and their habitats from extinction or degradation.

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Ethnobotany Research Methods

Ethnobotany uses various methods to study plant uses by different cultures. These methods include field work, literature review, and herbarium/museum research.

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Field Work (Ethnobotany)

Direct observation and collection of data about plant use in the field. This includes observing plant collection, processing, uses, and dosage information; gathering local names and voucher specimens for plant identification; and working with local informants.

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Local Informants

People with knowledge of plant use within a specific culture or community, crucial for reliable ethnobotanical data.

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Voucher Specimens

Physical samples of plants collected during field research, used for identification and verification.

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Literature Review (Ethnobotany)

Researching published and unpublished historical documents and texts concerning plant use.

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Ancient Literature Challenges

Plants referenced in ancient texts might have inaccurate identifications due to lack of detailed descriptions, unclear illustrations, and changing local plant names over time, causing difficulties for modern botanists in their identification and validation.

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Herbarium and Museums (Ethnobotany)

Using existing herbarium specimens and field notes to find additional information about plants and their uses.

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Sacred Groves

Protected forests in India, often with religious significance, preserving biodiversity and plant genetic diversity.

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Taboo

A strong prohibition or a sacred restriction, often related to a culture or religion.

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Ethnobotany

Study of how different cultures use plants, including their medicinal and edible properties, relationship to people.

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Germ plasm

Genetic materials of plants, crucial for breeding and producing new varieties.

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Medicinal plants

Plants with healing properties, studied and used for treating illnesses.

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Piper peeploides

Plant used as a condiment in Khasi hills.

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Parkia roxburghii

Plant with fruits used as vegetables in Northeast India.

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Biological Diversity

Variety of life forms (plants & animals) in an ecosystem.

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Genetic Variants

Different forms of a gene within a species (due to natural changes).

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Endemic Species

Species found only in a particular geographical region

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Study Notes

Ethnobotany in India - Overview

  • Ethnobotany studies the knowledge of plants amongst tribal and rural communities, focusing on their unique uses for herbal medicine, food, and conservation
  • It's a multidisciplinary field combining plant science, history, anthropology, culture and literature
  • Indian Ethnobotany is crucial for scientific, sociological, and historical research; it leverages the extensive knowledge about plant properties and uses still present in native cultures
  • India boasts significant ethnobotanical wealth due to its diverse flora and many tribal communities
  • This provides researchers with exceptional opportunities, especially given the unique and close relationship between these groups and their surrounding environments.
  • The region's varied flora, from deserts to rainforests, has a profound historical aspect, evident through texts like the Vedas, connecting modern folk knowledge to ancient practices.

Areas Rich for Ethnobotanical Study

  • India's diverse flora and numerous tribal communities offer considerable scope for ethnobotanical studies. The tribal areas of central India, western Ghats, and the Himalayas are especially important regions.
  • Northeast India, with its distinct tribes and sub-tribes, represents another potential area.
  • The large number of various tribal groups in different pockets of the country are key to these studies.

Recent Studies

  • Organized ethnobotanical work in India began only about two decades ago
  • Botanic Survey of India played a key role in initiating and developing this field of study
  • E.K. Janaki Ammal, a botanist, performed early significant research on subsistence food plants of certain tribal groups in Central India
  • Effective methodology for ethnobotanical study was developed

Methods of Ethnobotanical Research

  • Fieldwork involves collecting data directly from local communities, gathering detailed information on the plant's parts used, how they're collected, processed, prepared as medicine, dosage, and administration. Voucher specimens are crucial for documentation purposes. Local plant names are also recorded.
  • Literature includes looking at ancient and modern texts, including historical records or unpublished documents, that refer to plants and their traditional uses.
  • Herbaria and Museums utilize herbarium sheets and associated field notes, which meticulously document plant specimens and their uses. These are extremely useful as they're attached to a specific plant specimen.
  • Archaeological Remains examines historical archaeological artifacts to provide insights on the past use of plants. This includes studying remains from ancient sites to understand plant use throughout time.

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