Ethnicity and Solidarity in the Philippines

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an ethnic group in the Philippines?

Composed of at least 50% + 1 person (correct)

Reckoned by blood

Consanguine in nature

Traced through family tree

How does the concept of 'acculturation' differ from 'enculturation'?

Acculturation is the process of modifying an individual or group's culture, while enculturation is the process of fleeing from one area to another.

Acculturation involves adapting traits from another culture, while enculturation is the process of learning one's own culture. (correct)

Acculturation and enculturation are the same process, just with different names.

Acculturation is the process of seeking shelter or protection from danger, while enculturation is the adaptation of traits from another culture.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of health disparities?

Differences in access to healthcare

Differences in health outcomes

Differences in socioeconomic status

Differences in population size (correct)

Which of the following is the main reason for people becoming refugees?

To flee from danger and seek shelter or protection Signup and view all the answers

Which ethnic group in the Philippines is considered a 'minority' group?

The Igorot community in Northern Luzon Signup and view all the answers

What threats to community health are faced by the Aeta people in Northern Luzon?

Dispossession, poverty, and political discrimination Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the Lumad community in Mindanao?

Indigenous Signup and view all the answers

What is a common threat faced by the Lumad people's community health in Mindanao?

Long-term displacement Signup and view all the answers

What key aspect defines Indigenous Health according to WHO?

Collective and individual inter-generational continuum Signup and view all the answers

Which community is respectful to the environment and has women healers in Northern Luzon?

Ayta community Signup and view all the answers

What threats do the Lumad people face in terms of land ownership in Mindanao?

Legalized land dispossession through harassment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a main form of work for the Igorot community in Northern Luzon?

Hunting and gathering Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the Indigenous Peoples (IPs) in the Philippines are part of the LUMAD group?

61% Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why some ethnic groups in the Philippines are considered 'minorities'?

They were extrinsically and substantially modified by colonization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the 'Northern Luzon: Igorot Community and Other Minority Groups' mentioned in the text?

Tagalog Signup and view all the answers

What is the total estimated population of Indigenous Peoples (IPs) in the Philippines according to the text?

14-17 million Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ethnicity in the Philippines

Sense of solidarity and belongingness to an ethnic group, reckoned by blood and traced through family tree.
Ethnic group is consanguine in nature, meaning it is based on blood relationships.

Definition of Terms

Acculturation: the cultural modification of an individual or group, adapting traits from another culture.
Refugee: an individual who flees from one area to another, seeking shelter or protection from danger.
Health disparities: differences among specific population groups in incidence, prevalence, mortality, burden of diseases, and other adverse health outcomes.

Minorities in the Philippines

Indigenous peoples (IPs) are estimated to be around 14-17 million, consisting of 110 ethno-linguistic groups.
Distribution of IPs: Cordillera Autonomous Region (CAR) - 33%, Lumad - 61%, and others - 6%.

Northern Luzon: Igorot Community and Other Minority Groups

Main forms of work: wet-rice farming, wet-rice and dry-rice growing techniques, nomadic, hunting, gathering, and jungle survival.
Herbal medicine is used in the community.

Northern Luzon: The Aeta/Ayta/Agta Community

Language: "Sambal".
Respectful to the environment, with women healers playing a significant role.

Threats to Community Health of Aeta People

Dispossession, poverty, and political discrimination through decades of protracted land rights processes.
Lack of recognition and support from the local government.
Marginalization and displacement due to land grabbers, illegal logging, mining, and slash-burn farming.
Racial discrimination.

Mindanao: The Lumad Community

"Lumad" means "indigenous", "native", or "born on earth".
Comprises 61% of the indigenous population and 5% of the Mindanao population.
Includes the Ata, Bagobo, Mamanwa, Mandaya, Manobo, Subanon, and Tiruray.

Threats to Community Health of the Lumad People

Long-term displacement due to legalized land dispossession.
Threats from development of plantation agriculture, logging concessions, hydro-electric and geothermal energy plant schemes.
Human rights violation, including destruction and burning down of schools, areal bombings, and use of school facilities for military operations.

Indigenous Health and Health Status

WHO defines indigenous health as a collective and individual inter-generational continuum, encompassing four distinct shared dimensions of life.
The four dimensions of life are spiritual, physical, emotional, and mental.

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Description

Explore the concepts of ethnicity, solidarity, and belongingness to an ethnic group in the context of the Philippines. Learn about the importance of consanguinity, acculturation, and minority-majority dynamics.