16 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an ethnic group in the Philippines?
Composed of at least 50% + 1 person
How does the concept of 'acculturation' differ from 'enculturation'?
Acculturation involves adapting traits from another culture, while enculturation is the process of learning one's own culture.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of health disparities?
Differences in population size
Which of the following is the main reason for people becoming refugees?
To flee from danger and seek shelter or protection
Which ethnic group in the Philippines is considered a 'minority' group?
The Igorot community in Northern Luzon
What threats to community health are faced by the Aeta people in Northern Luzon?
Dispossession, poverty, and political discrimination
Which term refers to the Lumad community in Mindanao?
Indigenous
What is a common threat faced by the Lumad people's community health in Mindanao?
Long-term displacement
What key aspect defines Indigenous Health according to WHO?
Collective and individual inter-generational continuum
Which community is respectful to the environment and has women healers in Northern Luzon?
Ayta community
What threats do the Lumad people face in terms of land ownership in Mindanao?
Legalized land dispossession through harassment
Which of the following is NOT a main form of work for the Igorot community in Northern Luzon?
Hunting and gathering
What percentage of the Indigenous Peoples (IPs) in the Philippines are part of the LUMAD group?
61%
What is the main reason why some ethnic groups in the Philippines are considered 'minorities'?
They were extrinsically and substantially modified by colonization
Which of the following is NOT one of the 'Northern Luzon: Igorot Community and Other Minority Groups' mentioned in the text?
Tagalog
What is the total estimated population of Indigenous Peoples (IPs) in the Philippines according to the text?
14-17 million
Study Notes
Ethnicity in the Philippines
- Sense of solidarity and belongingness to an ethnic group, reckoned by blood and traced through family tree.
- Ethnic group is consanguine in nature, meaning it is based on blood relationships.
Definition of Terms
- Acculturation: the cultural modification of an individual or group, adapting traits from another culture.
- Refugee: an individual who flees from one area to another, seeking shelter or protection from danger.
- Health disparities: differences among specific population groups in incidence, prevalence, mortality, burden of diseases, and other adverse health outcomes.
Minorities in the Philippines
- Indigenous peoples (IPs) are estimated to be around 14-17 million, consisting of 110 ethno-linguistic groups.
- Distribution of IPs: Cordillera Autonomous Region (CAR) - 33%, Lumad - 61%, and others - 6%.
Northern Luzon: Igorot Community and Other Minority Groups
- Main forms of work: wet-rice farming, wet-rice and dry-rice growing techniques, nomadic, hunting, gathering, and jungle survival.
- Herbal medicine is used in the community.
Northern Luzon: The Aeta/Ayta/Agta Community
- Language: "Sambal".
- Respectful to the environment, with women healers playing a significant role.
Threats to Community Health of Aeta People
- Dispossession, poverty, and political discrimination through decades of protracted land rights processes.
- Lack of recognition and support from the local government.
- Marginalization and displacement due to land grabbers, illegal logging, mining, and slash-burn farming.
- Racial discrimination.
Mindanao: The Lumad Community
- "Lumad" means "indigenous", "native", or "born on earth".
- Comprises 61% of the indigenous population and 5% of the Mindanao population.
- Includes the Ata, Bagobo, Mamanwa, Mandaya, Manobo, Subanon, and Tiruray.
Threats to Community Health of the Lumad People
- Long-term displacement due to legalized land dispossession.
- Threats from development of plantation agriculture, logging concessions, hydro-electric and geothermal energy plant schemes.
- Human rights violation, including destruction and burning down of schools, areal bombings, and use of school facilities for military operations.
Indigenous Health and Health Status
- WHO defines indigenous health as a collective and individual inter-generational continuum, encompassing four distinct shared dimensions of life.
- The four dimensions of life are spiritual, physical, emotional, and mental.
Explore the concepts of ethnicity, solidarity, and belongingness to an ethnic group in the context of the Philippines. Learn about the importance of consanguinity, acculturation, and minority-majority dynamics.
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