Psychology condense p 105-111 Ethnicity and Assimilation Quiz

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a benefit of economic globalization?

A more efficient distribution of resources, increased production, and lower prices. (correct)

The diminished transfer of cultural practices.

A decrease in product output and higher prices.

Increased exploitation of workers in core countries.

What are key components of a successful social movement?

A lack of shared ideas and goals among members.

A high level of satisfaction among its members.

Organization, strong leadership, and sufficient resources. (correct)

Disorganization, minimal leadership, and limited resources.

What distinguishes an activist movement from a regressive/reactionary movement?

There is no distinction between activist and regressive movements.

Activist movements resist change while regressive ones promote change.

Activist movements aim to alter society while regressive movements try to maintain current society. (correct)

Activist movements are driven by dissatisfaction while regressive movements are driven by satisfaction.

According to Mass Society theory, why do people join social movements?

To seek refuge from mainstream society. Signup and view all the answers

Which theory suggests groups must feel a sense of injustice in order to act?

Relative Deprivation Theory. Signup and view all the answers

According to Resource Mobilization theory, what is a key component for a social movement?

Access to various resources like funds and media. Signup and view all the answers

What core component does Rational Choice theory rely on to explain social movements?

The idea that people weigh the pros and cons and make decisions to better themselves. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the downsides of economic globalization, as discussed in the text?

Exploitation of workers in other countries and potential job losses in core countries. Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the concept of 'gender expression'?

The way an individual outwardly presents their gender. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key reason why some intersex individuals may have different sex characteristics than typically defined?

They are born with hormone variations, sometimes resulting in both male and female characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

Which theory posits that all countries follow a similar path of development towards modernity?

Modernization Theory Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the term 'cis-gender'?

A person whose gender identity is the same as their sex assigned at birth. Signup and view all the answers

What did increased security checks lead to after 9/11?

More difficult immigration processes Signup and view all the answers

According to the Dependency Theory, what is a primary characteristic of periphery countries in relation to core countries?

They primarily export resources to core countries. Signup and view all the answers

Which perspective views globalization as a fundamentally new era in human history, where nation states become less important?

Hyperglobalist Perspective Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, what characterizes a 'rural' area?

An area with a population of less than 1000 people per square mile. Signup and view all the answers

The Skeptical Perspective on globalization is primarily characterized by the idea that it is:

A process that is primarily regionalized rather than globalized. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the term 'gender script' as it is described in the text?

Organized information about the expected order of actions for familiar situations. Signup and view all the answers

Which perspective on globalization suggests that national governments are changing, possibly becoming less important, but without a clear outcome?

Transformationalist Perspective Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided content, what is a common misconception about sexual orientation?

It is not dependent on sex/gender of person. Signup and view all the answers

Trade and Transnational Corporations are supported by which type of international regulatory groups?

World Trade Organizations. Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of 'gender schema' primarily refer to?

The cognitive structures that constitute the male or female gender identity. Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the influence of Transnational Corporations (TNCs) on global trade?

They can influence global trade laws and economies due to their size and reach. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a major impact of globalization on a country?

Impact on political party systems Signup and view all the answers

What is the average number of children a woman in the US gives birth to in her lifetime?

2.1 Signup and view all the answers

Which two factors primarily contribute to a decrease in population within a country?

Death and emigration Signup and view all the answers

According to the demographic transition model, which stage is characterized by high birth rates and high death rates?

Stage 1 Signup and view all the answers

In the demographic transition model, during which stage does population growth primarily rise due to decreasing death rates?

Stage 2 Signup and view all the answers

According to the demographic transition model, which factor contributes to a decline in birth rates in the third stage?

Fewer childhood deaths and the reduced economic benefit of children Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea behind the world-systems theory?

Emphasis on the world as a single unit with countries categorized into core, periphery and semi-periphery. Signup and view all the answers

According to the world-systems theory, which category do Western Europe and the US fall under?

Core Signup and view all the answers

Which of these describes the semi-periphery in world-systems theory?

Countries situated with an intermediate position Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines a megalopolis?

A connected network of multiple metropolises. Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided content, what is a frequent critique of urban renewal?

It can result in gentrification, displacing lower-income residents. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main distinction between fertility and fecundity?

Fertility measures the actual number of births, while fecundity measures the potential reproductive capacity. Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a primary cause for people moving from rural to urban areas according to the content?

A decrease in job opportunities in rural locations. Signup and view all the answers

What best defines the term 'exurbs'?

Prosperous areas outside of cities where residents commute into the city for work. Signup and view all the answers

What is the key feature that distinguishes suburbanization from other population shifts?

It is defined by the relocation of people from cities to the surrounding areas. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a factor that could potentially increase a population's growth rate?

Mortality Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'rural rebound'?

When people move from cities back to rural areas. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST describes how ethnicity is defined?

By shared language, religion, nationality, history, or other cultural factors. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of a minority group?

They are treated differently due to certain characteristics and make up less than half of a population. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of how racial differences can lead to drastic events?

Genocide or population transfer. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'assimilation' refer to in social contexts?

When one's culture comes to resemble that of another group. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'pluralism' primarily encourage within a society?

Racial and ethnic variation and difference. Signup and view all the answers

How are minority groups 'racialized' by dominant groups?

The dominant group identifies minority groups using classifications they didn't choose for themselves. Signup and view all the answers

Why do immigrants often face severe challenges in new countries?

Because people of the host country are often wary of different cultures. Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what is one potential positive effect of immigration for a country?

It can help alleviate labor shortages. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ethnicity

Ethnicity is socially defined by shared language, religion, nationality, or other cultural factors
It can change over time, unlike racial groups
Minorities are groups that make up less than half the population and are sometimes treated differently
Racial differences can cause events like genocide or population transfers
Assimilation is when a person's culture resembles another group's
Discrimination exists in healthcare, education, wealth, morality rates, and criminal justice systems, with minorities often incarcerated more

Assimilation

Many differences exist between cultures in healthcare, education, wealth, and morality
Interesting discrimination is present in criminal justice, with minorities seeing higher incarceration rates
Pluralism encourages ethnic and racial variation

Immigration

Immigrants face challenges when arriving in a new country
People want to help, but are wary of different cultures
Large-scale immigration can put pressure on welfare systems in receiving countries which are often industrialized nations like in North America (NA), Middle East, and Europe/Asia
It can alleviate labor shortages in countries of origin
It can be exploited by countries unconcerned about global inequalities for profit
Issues arise if immigration is too high, potentially causing strain on social services, skilled workers leaving their home countries, fear/dislike of immigrants from different races, or if people immigrate for better jobs, education, or escaping war, famine, or lack of opportunities
Transnational corporations may take advantage of cheap labor

Sex, Gender, and Sexual Orientation

Media often presents gender as binary (female vs. male) but that's misleading.
There are considerations for biological sex, gender identity, gender expression, sexual attraction, and sexual behavior
Biological sex is not always definitive, with some people having intersex characteristics
Gender is a social construct with an identity and expression component
Sexual orientation is individual from a person's sex/gender
There is not a "gay gene", even if there is it doesn't diminish how real relationships are
Societal expectations can affect what problems are reported

Rural, Urban, and Metropolitan Areas

Rural areas have less than 1000 people per square mile, less than 25,000 residents
Urban areas have over 1000 people per square mile and over 50,000 in cities
Metropolises have over 500,000 people.
Megalopolises are connected metropolises
Cities are sites of culture, crime, and inequality
Reasons for urban migration: jobs, education, healthcare
People move to the suburbs for more space and a sense of community but commute to work in the central cities
Urban Renewal: revamping old city areas, can lead to gentrification (wealthier people move in)
Rural rebound: people move from cities back to rural areas

Population Dynamics

Population growth is determined by fertility, migration, and mortality
Fertility: the ability to have babies, which contributes to the population; fecundity is the potential reproductive capacity of a female
Migration: movement of people into or out of a region. It does not affect the total global population
Mortality: death, which decreases the population.

Demographic Transition

Demographic transition predicts how populations transition from high birth and death rates to low ones. Developed countries have often stabilized at this time.
Immigration from developing to developed nations effects the demographic transition of developed countries by raising birthrate and lowering mortality

Globalization Theories

Globalization is the sharing of culture, money, and products among countries
The concept is not new, having existed for thousands of years (Silk Road)

World-Systems Theory

Divides countries into core, periphery, and semi-periphery
The core countries (like the US) are well-developed and industrialized.
Periphery countries are often underdeveloped
Semi-periphery countries are in-between
These countries are often affected by core countries and transnational corporations

Modernization Theory

Modernization theory argues that countries develop in similar stages
Countries can follow the same path, with some help, to development

Dependency Theory

A reaction to modernization theory, dependency theory highlights inequalities between periphery and core countries.
The core benefits from resources taken from the periphery

Globalization - Trade and Transnational Corporations

Trade and transnational corporations have created global trade agreements like NAFTA and WTO agreements.
Agreements regulate the flow of goods, services, and reduce tariffs between countries. Private industries often benefit the most

Companies (Multinational/Transnational Corporations)

These companies operate across multiple countries.
They can affect economics and politics through funding or donating money in host nations
Globalisation has led to cheap labor in developing countries

A group of coordinated people around a shared idea or belief can have lasting effects on shaping society's future
Movements need organization, leadership, and resources
Some theories explain why movements form:
- Mass society theory: people looking for refuge from mainstream society
- Relative deprivation theory: those who feel deprived of rights others enjoy are motivated to address the inequality through social movements
- Resource mobilization theory: focuses on the resources and factors that aid or hinder a movement

Culture

Culture is a shared way of life, encompassing beliefs, values, and behaviors
Society is the structure in which people organize themselves in a geographic area; culture guides their way of life
Culture is constantly being updated
Culture is transmitted through generations
Culture adapts to challenges and opportunities

Subculture and Counterculture

A subculture is a smaller group within a larger society that has its own distinct characteristics
A counterculture is a group that actively opposes or rejects aspects of the dominant culture and typically evolves over time as culture does.
Meso-level and sub-community: in-between micro and macro levels

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on the concepts of ethnicity and assimilation, including cultural factors, discrimination, and the challenges faced by immigrants. This quiz explores how these social constructs affect various aspects of life, such as healthcare, education, and criminal justice systems. Enhance your understanding of minorities and the dynamics of cultural integration.