Ethnic Differences in Educational Achievement

That it is a fixed quality that can be easily measured

What a person has already learned to do or what they can do

That it is institutionally racist, creating an environment in which ethnic minority pupils are routinely disadvantaged

<p>It neglects the role of the education system as a whole in perpetuating racism and inequality</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It creates an A-to-C economy and leads to large numbers of black and working-class pupils being placed in lower streams or entered for lower-tier exams</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It ignores the possibility of success and challenges to stereotypes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A person's potential for future learning or achievement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It creates an environment in which ethnic minority pupils are routinely disadvantaged</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They do not provide a comprehensive measure of a person's abilities or potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps to identify and address systemic issues that contribute to educational disparities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>to allocate pupils to different streams</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>institutional racism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>large numbers of black and working-class pupils being placed in lower streams or entered for lower-tier exams</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>it ignores the role of the education system as a whole</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>that they automatically fall victim to the self-fulfilling prophecy and fail</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>what a person has already learnt to do or what they can do, not what they may be able to do in the future</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>they create an A-to-C economy, leading to lower expectations and opportunities for certain groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>they fail to capture the complexity of human potential and ability</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>it highlights the structural and institutional factors that contribute to inequality</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>it can lead to self-fulfilling prophecies and limit opportunities for individual pupils</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reports from primary schools that stereotype minority pupils, racist bias in interviews for school places, lack of information and application forms in minority languages, and ethnic minority parents being unaware of how the waiting list system works and the importance of deadlines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a 'specifically British' curriculum that largely ignores non-European languages, literature, and music.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It promotes a 'little Englandism' attitude, ignoring ethnic diversity and recreating a 'mythical age of empire and past glories'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can cause underachievement by presenting a negative image of black people, undermining their self-esteem and leading to their failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It presents an image of black people as inferior, which undermines their self-esteem and can lead to their failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are often unaware of how the system works and the importance of deadlines, which can lead to them being disadvantaged in the school admissions process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is a meagre provision for teaching Asian languages compared to European languages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can make it difficult for them to navigate the school admissions process, leading to a lack of opportunities for their children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can lead to them being unfairly disadvantaged in the school admissions process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can lead to ethnic minority students being disadvantaged in the education system, ending up in unpopular schools and having limited opportunities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two main alternatives are Multicultural Education, which recognises and values minority cultures and includes them in the curriculum, and Anti-racist Education, which challenges the prejudice and discrimination that exists in schools and wider society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teachers' labels and expectations lead to black pupils being disciplined more quickly and being streamed into lower sets, while Asian pupils are spoken to in a childish language and left out of class discussions, resulting in a self-fulfilling prophecy of underachievement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 'ideal pupil identity' is a white, middle-class, masculinised identity, with a normal sexuality, implying that the education system is geared towards and favors students who fit this identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teacher racism leads to black pupils being seen as disruptive and a threat to authority, resulting in quicker discipline and lower academic expectations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Labelling and teacher racism can lead to lower academic achievement, self-fulfilling prophecies, and a lack of opportunities for ethnic minority students.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They assume that potential is a fixed quality that can be measured by IQ tests, which is problematic because IQ tests only measure what a person has already learned, not their future potential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It leads to large numbers of black and working-class pupils being placed in lower streams or entered for lower-tier exams.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because racism is institutional, and individual teachers' prejudices are a product of the system, not the sole cause of racial disparities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy, where pupils internalize the labels and expectations, but Gillborn and Youdell argue that this is not always true, and pupils can resist and challenge these stereotypes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The underlying issue is institutional racism, which implies that the education system is inherently racist and perpetuates racial disparities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teachers stereotypically view Asian students as 'deserving poor', feminized, and asexual, who succeed through hard work and passive conformism rather than natural ability. This is problematic because it negates the role of natural ability and implies that their success is not due to their innate intelligence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They worked hard and achieved well in impartial external exams, without seeking approval from teachers or conforming to the school routine. They challenged their negative stereotypes and proved them wrong.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teachers stereotyped Chinese families as 'tight' and 'close', which is a false and overly simplistic assumption. This reflects their bias and lack of understanding of the diversity of Chinese families and their cultural backgrounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 'ideal' pupil is seen as achieving through natural ability and initiative, while the 'pathologised' pupil is seen as a 'plodding' and 'conformist' over-achiever who succeeds through hard work. The 'ideal' pupil is valued, while the 'pathologised' pupil is perceived as unauthentic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The demonized pupil identity is characterized as a black or white, working-class, hyper-sexualized identity that is seen as unintelligent and culturally deprived. This reflects the racist stereotypes and biases present in the education system, which can lead to negative outcomes for students from these backgrounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The colour-blind, the liberal chauvinists, and the overt racists</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rebels, the conformists, the retreatists, and the innovators</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individual racism results from the prejudiced views of individual teachers, whereas institutional racism is a broader, systemic issue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teacher bias and labelling can discourage black pupils from being ambitious and limit their career options.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is essential for understanding the ways in which racism and cultural deprivation can affect their achievement and opportunities.</p> Signup and view all the answers